Washington State Senate

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Washington State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Democrat
Session start:   January 9, 2017
Session end:   April 23, 2017
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Commission
Salary:   $57,876/year
+ per diem
Members
Total:  49
Democrats:  29
Republicans:  20
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Denny Heck (D)
Maj. Leader:   Andy Billig (D)
Min. Leader:   John Braun (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Washington State Senate is the upper chamber of the Washington State Legislature. Alongside the Washington House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Washington state government and works alongside the governor of Washington to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Washington State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, voting on initiatives or referring them to the ballot, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Washington State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Olympia, Washington.

  • Twenty-four out of 49 Senate seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Democratic majority remained 29-20.
  • Twenty-five out of 49 Senate seats were up for election in 2020. The chamber's Democratic majority remained 29-20.

  • Washington has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Washington State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Washington State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 29
         Republican Party 20
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 49

    Members

    Leadership

    The lieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate but only votes in the event of a tie. In the absence of the lieutenant governor, the president pro tempore serves as the presiding officer. The president pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus but must also be confirmed by the entire Senate.[1][2]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Washington State Senate District 1 Derek Stanford Democratic July 1, 2019
    Washington State Senate District 2 Jim McCune Republican January 11, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 3 Andy Billig Democratic January 14, 2013
    Washington State Senate District 4 Mike Padden Republican November 29, 2011
    Washington State Senate District 5 Mark Mullet Democratic January 14, 2013
    Washington State Senate District 6 Jeff Holy Republican 2019
    Washington State Senate District 7 Shelly Short Republican 2017
    Washington State Senate District 8 Matt Boehnke Republican January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 9 Mark Schoesler Republican 2005
    Washington State Senate District 10 Ron Muzzall Republican October 18, 2019
    Washington State Senate District 11 Bob Hasegawa Democratic January 14, 2013
    Washington State Senate District 12 Brad Hawkins Republican January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 13 Judith Warnick Republican January 12, 2015
    Washington State Senate District 14 Curtis King Republican 2007
    Washington State Senate District 15 Nikki Torres Republican January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 16 Perry Dozier Republican January 11, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 17 Lynda Wilson Republican January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 18 Ann Rivers Republican 2012
    Washington State Senate District 19 Jeff Wilson Republican January 11, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 20 John Braun Republican January 14, 2013
    Washington State Senate District 21 Marko Liias Democratic 2014
    Washington State Senate District 22 Sam Hunt Democratic January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 23 Drew Hansen Democratic August 28, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 24 Kevin Van De Wege Democratic January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 25 Chris Gildon Republican January 11, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 26 Emily Randall Democratic 2019
    Washington State Senate District 27 Yasmin Trudeau Democratic November 2, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 28 T'wina Nobles Democratic January 11, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 29 Steve Conway Democratic 2011
    Washington State Senate District 30 Claire Wilson Democratic 2019
    Washington State Senate District 31 Phil Fortunato Republican January 7, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 32 Jesse Salomon Democratic 2019
    Washington State Senate District 33 Karen Keiser Democratic 2001
    Washington State Senate District 34 Joe Nguyen Democratic 2019
    Washington State Senate District 35 Drew MacEwen Republican January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 36 Noel Frame Democratic January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 37 Rebecca Saldana Democratic 2016
    Washington State Senate District 38 June Robinson Democratic May 13, 2020
    Washington State Senate District 39 Keith Wagoner Republican January 3, 2018
    Washington State Senate District 40 Liz Lovelett Democratic 2019
    Washington State Senate District 41 Lisa Wellman Democratic January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 42 Sharon Shewmake Democratic December 9, 2022
    Washington State Senate District 43 Jamie Pedersen Democratic 2013
    Washington State Senate District 44 John Lovick Democratic December 15, 2021
    Washington State Senate District 45 Manka Dhingra Democratic 2017
    Washington State Senate District 46 Javier Valdez Democratic January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 47 Claudia Kauffman Democratic January 9, 2023
    Washington State Senate District 48 Patricia Kuderer Democratic January 9, 2017
    Washington State Senate District 49 Annette Cleveland Democratic January 14, 2013


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $57,876/year$190/day

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Washington legislators assume office the second Monday of January.[3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Section 7 of Article 2 of the Washington State Constitution states, "No person shall be eligible to the legislature who shall not be a citizen of the United States and a qualified voter in the district for which he is chosen."[4]

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the Washington State Senate in 2018. In 2022, they won a 29-20 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Washington Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Washington State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 28 25 23 28 25 24 26 32 31 27 26 24 25 29 29 29
    Republicans 21 24 26 21 24 25 23 17 18 22 23 25 24* 20 20 20

    *A Democrat caucused with Republicans, giving the Republican Party a one-member majority.


    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Washington was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1993-1994, 2002, 2005-2012, 2018-2023
    • Republican trifecta: None
    • Divided government: 1992, 1995-2001, 2003-2004, 2013-2017

    Washington Party Control: 1992-2024
    Eighteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate R D D D D R R D D D D R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R[5] D D D D D D D
    House D D D R R R R S S S D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Washington state senators serve staggered four-year terms, with half of the chamber up for election every two years. Washington holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Washington State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Washington State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 6, 2024. The filing deadline is May 10, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Washington State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Washington State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 2, 2022. The filing deadline was May 20, 2022.

    Heading into the 2022 elections, Democrats held a 29-20 majority in the Washington State Senate. No change to the partisan balance of the chamber occurred in the election.

    Washington State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 29 29
         Republican Party 20 20
    Total 49 49

    2020

    See also: Washington State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Washington State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 4, 2020. The filing deadline was May 15, 2020.

    Heading into the election, Democrats held a 29-20 majority. Democrats retained their 29-20 majority in the election.

    Washington State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 29 29
         Republican Party 20 20
    Total 49 49

    2018

    See also: Washington State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Washington State Senate took place in 2018. A top-two primary election took place on August 7, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was May 18, 2018.[6]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Washington State Senate from 26-23 to 29-20.

    Washington State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 26 29
         Republican Party 23 20
    Total 49 49

    2016

    See also: Washington State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Washington State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on August 2, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was May 20, 2016. A total of 26 seats out of the 49 seats in the Washington State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    The Washington State Senate was one of 20 battleground chambers in 2016. Democrats gained a 25-24 majority as a result of the 2016 elections. However, Republicans maintained control of the chamber due to a Democratic senator who announced plans to caucus with Republicans.

    Washington State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 24 25
         Republican Party 25 24[7]
    Total 49 49

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Washington State Legislature, the board of county commissioners where the vacant seat is located has the responsibility to select a replacement. The county central committee of the political party that last held the seat must submit a list of three candidates to the board of county commissioners representing the vacant district. If the vacancy occurs in the office of a joint senator or joint representative, the state central committee is responsible for submitting the list of three candidates. A selection must be made within 60 days after the vacancy occurred. The person appointed will hold the seat until his or her successor is elected at the next general or special election in November.[13]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Washington Const. Art. 2, Sec. 15

    District map

    See also: Washington state legislative districts

    The state of Washington has 49 legislative districts. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as are members of the Washington House of Representatives. Each district elects two representatives but only one senator. Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Washington

    In Washington, congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by a five-member non-politician commission. The commission was established by constitutional amendment in 1983. The majority and minority leaders of the Washington State Senate and Washington House of Representatives each appoint one registered voter to the commission. These four commissioners appoint a fifth, non-voting member to serve as the commission's chair. In the event that the four voting commissioners cannot agree on a chair, the Washington Supreme Court must appoint one.[14]

    The Washington Constitution stipulates that no commission member may have been an elected official or party officer in the two-year period prior to his or her appointment. Individuals who have registered with the state as lobbyists within the past year are also prohibited from serving on the commission.[14]

    The Washington State Legislature may amend the commission's maps by a two-thirds vote in each legislative chamber.[14]

    The state constitution requires that congressional and state legislative districts "should be contiguous, compact, and convenient, and follow natural, geographic, artificial, or political subdivision boundaries." The constitution states that the redistricting commission "must not purposely draw plans to favor or discriminate against any political party or group."[14]

    State statutes require that congressional and state legislative districts "preserve areas recognized as communities of interest." State statutes also require the commission to draw districts that "provide fair and effective representation" and "encourage electoral competition."[14]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Washington after the 2020 census

    The Washington House approved final state legislative map proposals on February 2, 2022, and the Senate approved the legislative plan on February 8, 2022 in a 35-14 vote.[15]Washington’s four redistricting commissioners each released their proposed state legislative maps on September 21, 2021. On November 16, 2021, the commission announced that it was not able to produce new maps by its November 15 deadline and had submitted plans to the Supreme Court for consideration, as authority to draw new maps passes to the court if the commission fails to agree on maps before the deadline. The court decided to accept the final map drafts the commission submitted, ruling that it had "substantially complied" with the deadline.[16] These maps took effect for Washington's 2022 legislative elections.

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    This map took effect for Washington's 2022 legislative elections.

    WA Senate 22.jpg

    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Washington after the 2010 census

    Washington received its local census data on February 23, 2011. The state increased in population by 14.1 percent from 2000 to 2010. The major outlier was Franklin County, which grew 58.4 percent. The largest cities had the following growth rates: Seattle grew by 8.0 percent, Spokane grew by 6.8 percent, Tacoma grew by 2.5 percent, Vancouver grew by 12.7 percent, and Bellevue grew by 11.7 percent.[17]

    The Commission released the first draft maps on September 13, 2011. For the third time in a row, the Commission worked up to their deadline, finishing two hours and five minutes before January 1, 2012, at which point the Washington Supreme Court would have taken over. The Commission was primarily concerned with the eastern districts and how to distribute Hispanic people in Yakima. The Legislature made tweaks to the plan and approved the final maps on January 27, 2012.

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Washington State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Washington by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Washington legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 8, 2024, and adjourn on March 7, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Washington legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 9, 2023, and adjourn on April 23, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Washington

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[28] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article II of the Washington Constitution establishes when the Washington State Legislature, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 12 of Article II allows the dates of regular sessions to be determined by statute. Section 12 limits the length of regular sessions to 105 days in odd-numbered years and 60 days in even-numbered years.

    Section 12 also establishes rules for convening special sessions of the Legislature. It states that special sessions can be called by the Governor of Washington or by resolution of two-thirds of the members of each legislative house. Special sessions are not to exceed 30 days in length.[29]

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, initiatives to the legislature, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Washington are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 66 of the 98 members in the Washington House of Representatives and 33 of the 49 members in the Washington State Senate. Washington is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    According to Article III, Section 12 of the Washington Constitution, the legislature can call a special veto session to consider overrides of bills the governor vetoed after adjournment. Two-thirds of members in both chambers must agree to do so. The session may not exceed five days. The legislature may also consider vetoed bills during the next regular session.

    Authority: Article III, Section 12 of the Washington Constitution.

    "Every act which shall have passed the legislature shall be, before it becomes a law, presented to the governor. If he approves, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon the journal and proceed to reconsider. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members present shall agree to pass the bill it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of the members present, it shall become a law; but in all such cases the vote of both houses shall be determined by the yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered upon the journal of each house respectively."

    Initiatives to the legislature

    Initiative to the Legislature (Washington)

    Twenty-six (26) states have a process for statewide citizen initiative or veto referendum, and Washington is one of those states. Initiative to the Legislature is the name of indirect initiated state statutes in the state of Washington; an indirect initiative is one that goes to the legislature and only then to the ballot if the legislature does not approve it. Washington is one of the nine states with a process for indirect initiatives and one of two states that have both direct and indirect initiated state statutes; direct initiated state statutes—which go directly to the people without going to the legislature first—are called Initiatives to the People in Washington.

    Upon the submission and verification of enough signatures, Initiatives to the Legislature go before the Washington Legislature at its next regular legislative session in January. The legislature must take one of three actions:

    • The legislature can adopt the initiative as proposed, in which case it becomes law without a vote of the people.
    • The legislature can reject or refuse to act on the proposed initiative, in which case the initiative must be placed on the ballot at the next state general election.
    • The legislature can approve an alternative to the proposed initiative, in which case both the original proposal and the legislature's alternative must be placed on the ballot at the next state general election.

    Besides Initiatives to the Legislature, Washington citizens may initiate Initiatives to the People. These initiatives are direct initiatives, meaning that groups collect signatures and once enough valid signatures are collected, election officials place the measure on the next general election ballot for a vote.

    Role in state budget

    See also: Washington state budget and finances
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    The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[30]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in June.
    2. State agency budget requests are submitted between August and September.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the Washington State Legislature on or before December 20.
    4. The legislature adopts a budget between April and June. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.
    5. The biennial budget cycle begins in July.


    Washington is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[30]

    The governor is required by statute to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. Likewise, the legislature must pass a balanced budget.[30]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Washington state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Washington State Senate has 14 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Washington Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XXIII of the Washington State Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Washington

    The Washington Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution— a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Washington requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XXIII, the state Legislature can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot for voters to decide. In Washington, a referred constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds (66.67%) vote in each chamber of the Washington State Legislature during one legislative session. That amounts to a minimum of 66 votes in the Washington House of Representatives and 33 votes in the Washington State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XXIII of the Washington State Constitution, a two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session for the Washington State Legislature to place a constitutional convention question on the ballot. If a simple majority of voters approve the question, then the legislature needs to call for a convention during its next session.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Washington 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Washington State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Washington State Senate, "2009 Permanent Rules of the Senate," accessed February 17, 2021
    2. ↑ Washington State Senate, "2009-2010 Leadership," accessed February 17, 2021
    3. ↑ Washington State Legislature, "RCW 44.04.021 Commencement of terms of office," accessed February 17, 2021
    4. ↑ Washington State Legislature, "Constitution of the State of Washington," accessed February 10, 2023
    5. ↑ Democrats gained full control of the state Senate after a special election on November 7, 2017.
    6. ↑ Washington Secretary of State, "Elections Calendar 2018," accessed September 19, 2017
    7. ↑ A power-sharing agreement gave Republicans effective control of the chamber.
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Washington 2008 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Washington 2006 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Washington 2004 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Washington 2002 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
    12. ↑ Follow the Money, "Washington 2000 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
    13. ↑ Washington Legislature, "Washington Constitution - Section Article II, Section 15," accessed February 8, 2023
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 All About Redistricting, "Washington," accessed May 6, 2015
    15. ↑ Washington State Legislature, "HCR 4407 - 2021-22," accessed February 9, 2022
    16. ↑ The Spokesman-Review, "State Senate passes changes to redistricting process as House approves final maps with changes," February 2, 2022
    17. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Washington's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," February 23, 2011
    18. ↑ The Seattle Times, "Gov. Inslee signs $43.7 billion state budget; 11th-hour deal averts shutdown," June 30, 2017
    19. ↑ King5, "Property tax increase for some, lower for others under state budget," July 1, 2017
    20. ↑ King5, "Gov. Inslee signs $43.7 billion state budget," June 30, 2017
    21. ↑ q13fox.com, "‘There’s no break, no rest,’ Inslee says as he vetoes 27 bills, calls lawmakers back into immediate special session," accessed February 17, 2021
    22. ↑ washingtontimes.com, "The Latest: Washington Legislature adjourns special session," accessed February 17, 2021
    23. ↑ Multi State, "2015 State Legislative Session Dates," accessed February 17, 2021
    24. ↑ washingtonstatewire.com, "Session Set to Open in ‘Bizarro World’ – Supreme Court Decision Turns Everything Upside Down," January 13, 2014
    25. ↑ The Spokesman Review, "Budget remains pressing issue in new legislative session," January 13, 2013
    26. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed February 17, 2021
    27. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed February 17, 2021
    28. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed February 17, 2021
    29. ↑ Washington Legislature, "Constitution of the State of Washington," accessed February 17, 2021
    30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
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