Vermont House of Representatives
| Vermont House of Representatives | |
 | |
| General Information | |
| Party control: | Democrat |
| Session start: | January 3, 2024 |
| Session end: | May 9, 2024 |
| Term length: | 2 years |
| Term limits: | None |
| Redistricting: | Legislature-dominant |
| Salary: | $811.68/week during session + per diem |
| Members | |
| Total: | 150 |
| Democrats: | 106 |
| Republicans: | 37 |
| Other: | 1 (Libertarian) 3 (Vermont Progressive) 3 (independent) |
| Vacancies: | |
| Leadership | |
| Speaker: | Jill Krowinski (D) |
| Maj. Leader: | Emily Long (D) |
| Min. Leader: | Patricia McCoy (R) |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Next election: | November 5, 2024 |
The Vermont House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Vermont State Legislature. Alongside the Vermont State Senate, it forms the legislative branch of the Vermont state government and works alongside the governor of Vermont to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Vermont House of Representatives include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.
The Vermont House of Representatives meets in the State House in Montpelier, Vermont.
Vermont has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor, while the Democratic Party controls both chambers of the state legislature. |
This page contains the following information on the Vermont House of Representatives.
- Which party controls the chamber
- The chamber's current membership
- Partisan control of the chamber over time
- Elections in the chamber and how vacancies are filled
- A district map
- How redistricting works in the state
- Legislation currently under consideration
- Legislative session dates
- Legislative procedures, such as veto overrides and the state budget process
- A list of committees
Party control
Current partisan control
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Vermont House of Representatives as of January 2024:
| Party | As of January 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 106 | |
| Republican Party | 37 | |
| Vermont Progressive Party | 3 | |
| Libertarian Party | 1 | |
| Independent | 3 | |
| Vacancies | ||
| Total | 150 | |
Members
Leadership
The speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the body.[1]
Leadership and members
- Speaker of the House: Jill Krowinski (D)
- Majority leader: Emily Long (D)
- Minority leader: Patricia McCoy (R)
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $811.68/week during session | $134/night for lodging and $69/day for meals |
Swearing in dates
Vermont legislators assume office the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January.[2]
Membership qualifications
The Vermont Constitution states, "No person shall be elected a Representative or a Senator until the person has resided in this State two years, the last year of which shall be in the legislative district for which the person is elected."[3]
Historical party control
Democrats won control of the Vermont House of Representatives in 2004. In 2022, they won a 109-38-3 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Vermont House following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Vermont House of Representatives election results: 1992-2022
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 87 | 86 | 88 | 77 | 62 | 70 | 83 | 93 | 95 | 94 | 98 | 85 | 83 | 95 | 92 | 109 |
| Republicans | 57 | 61 | 58 | 66 | 83 | 73 | 60 | 49 | 48 | 48 | 43 | 53 | 53 | 43 | 46 | 38 |
| Other | 6 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 3 |
Trifecta history
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Vermont was under the following types of trifecta control:
- Democratic trifecta: 1997-2000, 2011-2016
- Republican trifecta: None
- Divided government: 1992-1996, 2001-2010, 2017-2023
Vermont Party Control: 1992-2024
Ten years of Democratic trifectas • No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| House | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Elections
Elections by year
Vermont state representatives serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years. Vermont holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2024
Elections for the Vermont House of Representatives will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 13, 2024. The filing deadline is May 30, 2024.
2022
Elections for the Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 9, 2022. The filing deadline was May 26, 2022.
In the 2022 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Vermont House of Representatives from 93 Democrats, 46 Republicans, five Vermont Progressives, five independents, and one vacancy to 106 Democrats, 38 Republicans, three Vermont Progressives, and three independents.
| Vermont House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 93 | 106 | |
| Republican Party | 46 | 38 | |
| Vermont Progressive Party | 5 | 3 | |
| Independent | 5 | 3 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | |
2020
Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 11, 2020. The filing deadline was May 28, 2020.
Heading into the election, Democrats held a 95-43 majority with seven progressive members and five independent members. Democrats lost three seats in the election, giving them a 92-46 majority with seven progressive members and five independent members.
| Vermont House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 95 | 92 | |
| Republican Party | 43 | 46 | |
| Vermont Progressive Party | 7 | 7 | |
| Independent | 5 | 5 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | |
2018
Elections for the Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on August 14, 2018.[4] The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was May 31, 2018.[5]
In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Vermont House of Representatives from 80-53 to 95-43.
| Vermont House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 80 | 95 | |
| Republican Party | 53 | 43 | |
| Independent | 14 | 12 | |
| Vacancy | 3 | 0 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | |
2016
Elections for the Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 9, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was May 26, 2016. All 150 seats in the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.
Heading into the election, Democrats held a 85-53 majority with six progressive members and six independent members. Democrats lost two seats in the election, giving them a 83-53 majority with seven progressive members and seven independent members.
| Vermont House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 85 | 83 | |
| Republican Party | 53 | 53 | |
| Vermont Progressive Party | 6 | 7 | |
| Independent | 6 | 7 | |
| Total | 150 | 150 | |
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2014Elections for the Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 26, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 12, 2014. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 96-45 majority with five progressive members and four independent members. Democrats lost 11 seats in the election, giving them an 85-53 majority with six progressive members and six independent members.
2012Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 28, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 14, 2012. All 150 seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 94-47 majority with five progressive members, three independent members, and one vacancy. Democrats gained four seats in the election, giving them a 98-43 majority with four progressive members, four independent members, and one vacancy.
2010Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was July 19, 2010. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 94-48 majority with five progressive members and three independent members. No partisan change occurred in the election.
In 2010, the candidates for state House raised a total of $615,441 in campaign contributions. The top 10 donors were:[6]
2008Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 9, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $807,477. The top 10 contributors were:[7]
2006Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 12, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $865,790. The top 10 contributors were:[8]
2004Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 14, 2004, and a general election on November 2, 2004. During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $826,737. The top 10 contributors were:[9]
2002Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 10, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $534,955. The top 10 contributors were:[10]
2000Elections for the office of Vermont House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on September 12, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to House candidates was $630,639. The top 10 contributors were:[11]
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Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the Vermont General Assembly, the governor must select a replacement to fill the vacant seat.
The governor must select a replacement that will serve for the remainder of the unexpired term. There are no deadlines set by statute on when a vacancy has to be filled.[12][13]
See sources: Vermont Const. Chap. 2, Art. 45, Vermont Stat. Ann. tit. 2, §4, and Vermont Stat. Ann. tit. 2, §9
District map
- See also: Vermont state legislative districts
The State of Vermont legislative districting Service divides representing districts into 58 single-member districts and 46 two-member constituencies.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Vermont
Because Vermont has only one congressional district, congressional redistricting is not necessary. The state legislature draws state legislative district lines with the assistance of an advisory commission. This advisory commission consists of the following members:[14]
- The governor appoints one member each from the state's political parties. To qualify for consideration in this context, a political party must have had "at least three state legislators for six of the previous 10 years."
- The chairs of the aforementioned political parties each appoint an additional member.
- The chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court appoints the commission's chair.
Commissioners cannot be legislators, nor can they be employed by the legislature. The commission may make recommendations to the legislature, but these recommendations are non-binding.[14]
State law requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and compact and that they "adhere to county and other political subdivision boundaries, except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements." In addition, state statutes specify that districts should account for "patterns of geography, social interaction, trade, political ties, and common interests."[14]
2020
Vermont Gov. Phil Scott (R) signed H722 on April 6, 2022, enacting new legislative districts for the state House and Senate.[15] The Vermont House of Representatives voted 129-13 to advance the state legislative redistricting bill on March 16.[16] On March 25, the Vermont State Senate unanimously approved H722, sending it to Scott.[17] These maps took effect for Vermont's 2022 legislative elections.
District map after 2020 redistricting
This map took effect for Vermont's 2022 legislative elections.
2010
Vermont received its census data on February 10, 2011. The state grew by 2.8 percent. The most populous cities had mixed results: Burlington grew by 9.1 percent, Essex grew by 5.2 percent, South Burlington grew by 13.2 percent, Colchester grew by 0.5 percent, and Rutland decreased by 4.6 percent.[18]
The 2011 redistricting process was notable for a push to eliminate nearly all of the state's multi-member districts. Though a preliminary plan that achieved this end was passed by the Board, its final plan from August 11, 2011, reduced the number of two-member districts from 42 to 29.
The Legislature took up redistricting in January 2012. Despite disagreements over deviation from ideal district size (18.2 percent for the Senate and 24 percent for the House), the Senate passed and the House concurred with a final plan, H. 789. The plan added a new seat in Burlington, and paired incumbents Dennis Devereux (R) and Eldred French (D). Gov. Peter Shumlin (D) signed the maps into law on May 1, 2012.
Sessions
Legislation
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Vermont House of Representatives has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the House to the Senate and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.
Dates of legislative sessions in Vermont by year
2024
- See also: 2024 Vermont legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions
In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2024, and adjourn on May 9, 2024.
2023
In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 4, 2023, and adjourn on May 12, 2023.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 4, 2022, and adjourn on May 12, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 6, 2021, and adjourn on May 21, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 7, 2020, and adjourn on August 30, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The Vermont State Legislature suspended its session, effective March 13, 2020, through March 24, 2020. On April 8, 2020, the Vermont State Senate approved a measure to allow remote voting in the chamber. Prior to this, a quorum of senators physically present in the chamber had been required in order to pass legislation. The Vermont House of Representatives was expected to consider a similar measure.[19][20] 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2019, through May 29, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2018, through May 13, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 4, 2017, through May 18, 2017. The legislature held a veto session on June 21. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 5 through May 6. The legislature held a one-day veto session on June 9, 2016. Major issues in 2016Major issues for the 2016 legislative session included economic development, marijuana legalization, consumer protection, closing the budget gap of $58.5 million, the state's opiate problem, and carbon taxes.[21][22] 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 7 through May 16. Major issues in 2015Major issues for the 2015 legislative session included the budget, the clean-up of Lake Champlain, energy concerns, education reform to stem the growth of property taxes, and reforms to the state's child welfare system.[23] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 7 through May 10. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included improvements to the integration of environmental regulation, affordable healthcare, tourism funding, workforce training, a tax policy that would not increase taxes on businesses, and a labor policy to not increase costs to employers.[24] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 9 to May 14. Major issues in 2013Major issues in the 2013 legislative session included physician-assisted death, marijuana decriminalization, and plans to address a projected budget shortfall of $50-$70 million. 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in session from January 3 through May 5. 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 5 through mid-May.[25] 2010
In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 5 to May 12.[26] |
About legislative sessions in Vermont
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[27] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.
The Vermont State Legislature, which the House is a part of, meets for biennial sessions starting on odd numbered years on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in January, pursuant to Section 7 of the Legislative Department of the Vermont Constitution. The opening date for even numbered years is established by the sitting legislature during the year prior.
Legislative roles and procedures
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Vermont are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.
| Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 100 of the 150 members in the Vermont House of Representatives and 20 of the 30 members in the Vermont State Senate. Vermont is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| In 1995, the Legislature began setting a date to consider veto overrides in its annual adjournment resolution. This allows the legislature to hold sessions where it can override vetoes that occurred following adjournment.[28] |
Authority: Legislative Department, Section 11 of the Vermont Constitution.
| "Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and House of Representatives shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor; if the Governor approve, the Governor shall sign it; if not, the Governor shall return it, with objections in writing, to the House in which it shall have originated; which shall proceed to reconsider it. If, upon such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members present of that House shall pass the bill, it shall, together with the objections, be sent to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of the members present of that House, it shall become a law." |
Role in state budget
- See also: Vermont state budget and finances
Vermont on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[29]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August or September of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year.
- Agencies submit their budget requests to the governor in October.
- Agency hearings are held in October and November.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in January.
- The legislature typically passes a budget in May. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.
In Vermont, the governor cannot exercise veto authority over the budget.[29]
The governor is not legally required to submit—and the legislature is not legally required to pass—a balanced budget.[29]
Committees
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
- Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
- Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
- Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Vermont House of Representatives has 18 standing committees:
- Agriculture and Forestry Committee
- Commerce and Economic Development Committee
- Corrections and Institutions Committee
- Energy and Technology Committee
- General, Housing and Military Affairs Committee
- Health Care Committee
- House Appropriations Committee
- House Discrimination Prevention Panel
- House Education Committee
- House Ethics Panel
- House Government Operations Committee
- House Judiciary Committee
- House Rules Committee
- House Sexual Harassment Prevention Panel
- House Transportation Committee
- Human Services Committee
- Natural Resources, Fish, and Wildlife Committee
- Ways and Means Committee
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Vermont Constitution can be amended:
Section 72 of the Vermont Constitution lays out the procedure governing changes to the Vermont Constitution. Vermont does not feature the power of initiative for either initiated state statutes or initiated constitutional amendments.
Legislature
A two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required in the Vermont State Senate and a simple majority vote is required in the Vermont House of Representatives in the first legislative session. A simple majority vote is required in both chambers in the second legislative session to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 20 votes in the Vermont State Senate and 76 votes in the Vermont House of Representatives in the first session and 16 votes in the state senate and 76 votes in the state house in the second session, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
The Vermont Constitution, like that of several other states, does not provide for constitutional conventions. Perhaps as a result, Vermont's current constitution is one of the oldest in the country, having been adopted in 1793. The Massachusetts Constitution is the only older constitution.
Although there are no provisions in the state's constitution governing the calling of a constitutional convention, in 1969, the Vermont State Legislature referred an advisory measure to the ballot which asked "Shall a Vermont Constitutional Convention be convened at the state house in Montpelier on October 6, 1969 to consider the following topics which shall receive a majority of the votes cast upon it in this election, and no others?" The question was rejected by the voters.
2025 measures:
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.
No measures to list
2024 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.
- See also: 2024 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.
No measures to list
See also
| Elections | Vermont State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ State of Vermont, "Speaker of the House Jill Krowinski," accessed February 4, 2021
- ↑ Vermont Constitution, "Chapter II, Section 46," accessed February 8, 2023
- ↑ Vermont Constitution, "Chapter II, Section 15," accessed February 8, 2023
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed May 29, 2017
- ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Candidates," accessed September 14, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont House 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont 2008 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont 2006 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont 2004 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont 2002 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Vermont 2000 Candidates," accessed August 5, 2013
- ↑ Legislative Council of the General Assembly for the State of Vermont, "Vermont Statutes Unannotated and Vermont Court Rules," accessed February 3, 2021 (Statute, 2-1-4, Vermont Statutes)
- ↑ Legislative Council of the General Assembly for the State of Vermont, "Vermont Statutes Unannotated and Vermont Court Rules," accessed February 3, 2021 (Statute, 2-1-9, Vermont Statutes)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 All About Redistricting, "Vermont," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ VTDigger, "Scott signs new legislative maps into law, solidifying Vermont’s political playing field for next decade," April 6, 2022
- ↑ VTDigger, "House advances redistricting bill by a wide margin," March 16, 2022
- ↑ VTDigger, "Senate unanimously approves new district maps with little debate," March 25, 2022
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Vermont's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," February 10, 2011
- ↑ Burlington Free Press, "Vermont Legislature to shut down for a week due to coronavirus concerns," March 13, 2020
- ↑ VT Digger, "Senate returns to Montpelier to approve remote voting measure," April 8, 2020
- ↑ Manchester-Journal, "Vermont economy to be legislative focus," accessed January 7, 2016
- ↑ WAMC, "Vermont Legislature Begins Second Half Of Biennium," accessed January 7, 2016
- ↑ Wilson Ring, The Washington Times, "Budget likely to top 2015 Vermont Legislature," January 4, 2015
- ↑ Vermont Chamber of Commerce, "Legislative Priorities 2014," accessed January 11, 2014
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," December 19, 2011
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 Legislative Sessions Calendar," December 8, 2010
- ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
- ↑ Vermont Secretary of State, "Pocket Veto," accessed July 3, 2017
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2015," accessed February 9, 2023
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