United States Senate elections, 2024
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November 5, 2024 |
Elections to the U.S. Senate will be held on November 5, 2024, and 34 of the 100 seats are up for election. Thirty-three of those seats are up for regular election, and one[1] is up for a special election.
Of the 33 regularly scheduled elections in 2024, 10 seats are held by Republicans, 20 seats are held by Democrats and three seats are held by independents who caucus with Democrats.
Two special elections are scheduled for November 5, 2024. One special election will be held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Ben Sasse (R) was elected to in 2020.[2][3][4] The other special election is to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29. 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held is also up for regular election on November 5, 2024.[5]
Those elected to the U.S. Senate in the 33 regular elections on November 5, 2024, will begin their six-year terms on January 3, 2025.
Click here for coverage of U.S. Senate elections in 2022.
Partisan balance
| Partisan composition, U.S. Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| 118th Congress | ||
| Party | Members | |
| Democratic | 48 | |
| Republican | 49 | |
| Independent | 3[6] | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 100 | |
The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.
Seats up for election
There are 33 U.S. Senate seats up for regular election in 2024—10 seats held by Republicans, 20 held by Democrats, and three held by independents who caucus with Democrats. [7]
Two special elections are also scheduled for November 5, 2024. One special election will be held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Ben Sasse (R) was elected to in 2020.[8][9][4] The other special election is to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29. 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held is also up for regular election on November 5, 2024.[10]
The map and table below shows what seats are up for election and the current incumbent in each race.
Table last updated: October 10, 2023
Incumbents not running for re-election
Seven United States Senators are not seeking re-election to their U.S. Senate seats (not including those who left office early):
5 Democrats
2 Republicans
Incumbents retiring from public office
- 5 Democrats
- 1 Republican
| Retiring from public office, 2024 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Party | State | Date announced | |||
| Joe Manchin | Democrat |
West Virginia | November 9, 2023[11] | |||
| Laphonza Butler | Democrat |
California | October 19, 2023[12][13] | |||
| Debbie Stabenow | Democrat |
Michigan | January 5, 2023[14] | |||
| Ben Cardin | Democrat |
Maryland | May 1, 2023[15] | |||
| Tom Carper | Democrat |
Delaware | May 22, 2023[16] | |||
| Mitt Romney | Republican |
Utah | September 13, 2023[17] | |||
Incumbents seeking other offices
- 1 Republican
| Running for governor, 2024 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Party | State | Date announced | |||
| Mike Braun | Republican |
Indiana | November 30, 2022[18] | |||
Outside race ratings
The following table compares U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections as of January 2024.
Seats that changed party hands in 2018
- See also: United States Senate elections, 2018
In 2018—the last time these 33 seats were up for election—six seats changed party hands. Republicans picked up four seats and Democrats picked up two seats.
| Senate seats that changed party hands, 2018 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Pre-election incumbent | 2018 winner | Margin of victory (percentage points) | |||
| Arizona | Jeff Flake |
Kyrsten Sinema[19] |
2.4 | |||
| Florida | Bill Nelson |
Rick Scott |
0.2 | |||
| Indiana | Joe Donnelly |
Mike Braun |
5.9 | |||
| Missouri | Claire McCaskill |
Josh Hawley |
5.8 | |||
| North Dakota | Heidi Heitkamp |
Kevin Cramer |
10.8 | |||
| Nevada | Dean Heller |
Jacky Rosen |
5 | |||
Candidate lists by state
The following table provides an overview of the incumbent and candidates in 2024 Senate races. Candidate lists may be incomplete until each state's filing deadline has passed.
Congressional approval rating
Results are updated daily at 9:30 a.m. EST and aggregated from the most recent polls from the sources listed in the methodology section below. Think we're missing something? Email us.
The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. It is the percentage of people polled who responded favorably toward the work of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
Party committee fundraising
DSCC
- See also: Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024
The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:
| Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2023-24 election cycle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month (Dates covered) |
Total receipts | Total disbursements | Cash on hand (end of month) | Debts owed (end of month) | FEC document |
| December 2023 (November 1-30, 2023) |
$5,498,388.27 | $3,730,228.46 | $17,112,453.43 | $0.00 | Filing |
| November 2023 (October 1-31, 2023) |
$5,315,869.17 | $4,079,837.28 | $15,344,293.62 | $0.00 | Filing |
| October 2023 (September 1-30, 2023) |
$6,177,728.41 | $2,766,398.19 | $14,108,261.73 | $0.00 | Filing |
| September 2023 (August 1-31, 2023) |
$4,992,020.36 | $3,663,267.72 | $10,696,931.51 | $0.00 | Filing |
| August 2023 (July 1-31, 2023) |
$5,157,126.37 | $3,222,330.20 | $9,368,178.87 | $0.00 | Filing |
| July 2023 (June 1-30, 2023) |
$7,427,497.79 | $7,315,614.65 | $7,433,382.70 | $0.00 | Filing |
| June 2023 (May 1-31, 2023) |
$5,918,384.97 | $7,088,848.36 | $7,321,499.56 | $3,000,000.00 | Filing |
| May 2023 (April 1-30, 2023) |
$6,186,012.21 | $7,280,755.25 | $8,491,962.95 | $7,000,000.00 | Filing |
| April 2023 (March 1-31, 2023) |
$9,459,749.27 | $7,882,490.39 | $9,586,705.99 | $11,000,000.00 | Filing |
| March 2023 (Feb. 1-28, 2023) |
$5,542,819.98 | $5,449,998.25 | $8,009,447.11 | $15,000,000.00 | Filing |
| February 2023 (Jan. 1-31, 2023) |
$4,673,631.39 | $5,352,223.88 | $7,916,625.38 | $18,000,000.00 | Filing |
NRSC
- See also: Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024
The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:
| Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2023-24 election cycle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month (Dates covered) |
Total receipts | Total disbursements | Cash on hand (end of month) | Debts owed (end of month) | FEC document |
| December 2023 (November 1-30, 2023) |
$6,020,717.63 | $5,263,802.25 | $7,722,052.70 | $0.00 | Filing |
| November 2023 (October 1-31, 2023) |
$5,359,549.01 | $6,564,098.06 | $6,965,137.32 | $0.00 | Filing |
| October 2023 (September 1-30, 2023) |
$8,104,492.54 | $6,427,702.98 | $8,169,686.37 | $500,000.00 | Filing |
| September 2023 (August 1-31, 2023) |
$5,028,592.35 | $6,799,472.85 | $6,492,896.81 | $2,900,000.00 | Filing |
| August 2023 (July 1-31, 2023) |
$5,423,862.47 | $6,645,063.69 | $8,263,777.31 | $4,250,000.00 | Filing |
| July 2023 (June 1-30, 2023) |
$7,755,495.96 | $6,835,894.90 | $9,484,978.53 | $6,250,000.00 | Filing |
| June 2023 (May 1-31, 2023) |
$6,512,464.45 | $6,837,230.80 | $8,565,377.47 | $7,750,000.00 | Filing |
| May 2023 (April 1-30, 2023) |
$6,231,654.08 | $5,397,762.21 | $8,890,143.82 | $10,750,000.00 | Filing |
| April 2023 (March 1-31, 2023) |
$7,815,097.81 | $8,119,969.57 | $8,056,251.95 | $12,750,000.00 | Filing |
| March 2023 (Feb. 1-28, 2023) |
$5,490,474.62 | $5,992,200.52 | $8,361,123.71 | $16,350,000.00 | Filing |
| February 2023 (Jan. 1-31, 2023) |
$4,511,554.07 | $3,826,440.31 | $8,862,849.61 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing |
Important dates and deadlines
The table below lists important dates throughout the 2024 congressional election cycle, including filing deadlines and primary dates.
| Primary dates and filing deadlines, 2024 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Primary date | Primary runoff date | Filing deadline for primary candidates | Source |
| Alabama | 3/5/2024 | 4/16/2024 | 11/10/2023 | Source |
| Alaska | 8/20/2024 | N/A | 6/1/2024 | Source |
| Arizona | 8/6/2024 | N/A | 4/8/2024 | Source |
| Arkansas | 3/5/2024 | 4/2/2024 | 11/14/2023 | Source |
| California | 3/5/2024 | N/A | 12/8/2023 | Source |
| Colorado | 6/25/2024 | N/A | 3/19/2024 | Source |
| Connecticut | 8/13/2024 | N/A | 6/11/2024 | Source |
| Delaware | 9/10/2024 | N/A | 7/9/2024 | Source |
| Florida | 8/20/2024 | N/A | 4/26/2024[20] | Source |
| Georgia | 5/21/2024 | 6/18/2024 | 3/8/2024 | Source |
| Hawaii | 8/10/2024 | N/A | 6/4/2024 | Source |
| Idaho | 5/21/2024 | N/A | 3/15/2024 | Source |
| Illinois | 3/19/2024 | N/A | 12/4/2023 | Source |
| Indiana | 5/7/2024 | N/A | 2/9/2024 | Source |
| Iowa | 6/4/2024 | N/A | 3/15/2024[21] | Source |
| Kansas | 8/6/2024 | N/A | 6/3/2024 | Source |
| Kentucky | 5/21/2024 | N/A | 1/5/2024 | Source |
| Louisiana | 11/5/2024 | N/A | 7/19/2024 | Source |
| Maine | 6/11/2024 | N/A | 3/15/2024 | Source |
| Maryland | 5/14/2024 | N/A | 2/9/2024 | Source |
| Massachusetts | 9/3/2024 | N/A | 5/7/2024 | Source |
| Michigan | 8/6/2024 | N/A | 4/23/2024 | Source |
| Minnesota | 8/13/2024 | N/A | 6/4/2024 | Source |
| Mississippi | 3/12/2024 | 4/2/2024 | 1/12/2024 | Source |
| Missouri | 8/6/2024 | N/A | 3/26/2024 | Source |
| Montana | 6/4/2024 | N/A | 3/11/2024 | Source |
| Nebraska | 5/14/2024 | N/A | 3/1/2024[22] | Source |
| Nevada | 6/11/2024 | N/A | 3/15/2024[23] | Source |
| New Hampshire | 9/10/2024 | N/A | 6/14/2024 | Source |
| New Jersey | 6/4/2024 | N/A | 3/25/2024 | Source |
| New Mexico | 6/4/2024 | N/A | 2/6/2024[24] | Source |
| New York | 6/25/2024 | N/A | 4/4/2024 | Source |
| North Carolina | 3/5/2024 | 5/14/2024 | 12/15/2023 | Source |
| North Dakota | 6/11/2024 | N/A | 4/8/2024 | Source |
| Ohio | 3/19/2024 | N/A | 12/20/2023 | Source |
| Oklahoma | 6/18/2024 | 8/27/2024 | 4/5/2024 | Source |
| Oregon | 5/21/2024 | N/A | 3/14/2024 | Source |
| Pennsylvania | 4/23/2024 | N/A | 2/13/2024 | Source |
| Rhode Island | 9/10/2024 | N/A | TBD | Source |
| South Carolina | 6/11/2024 | 6/25/2024 | 4/1/2024 | Source |
| South Dakota | 6/4/2024 | 7/30/2024 | 3/26/2024 | Source |
| Tennessee | 8/1/2024 | N/A | 4/4/2024 | Source |
| Texas | 3/5/2024 | 5/28/2024 | 12/11/2023 | Source |
| Utah | 6/25/2024 | N/A | 1/8/2024 | Source |
| Vermont | 8/13/2024 | N/A | 5/30/2024 | Source |
| Virginia[25] | 6/18/2024 | N/A | 4/4/2024 | Source |
| Washington | 8/6/2024 | N/A | 5/10/2024 | Source |
| West Virginia | 5/14/2024 | N/A | 1/27/2024 | Source |
| Wisconsin | 8/13/2024 | N/A | 6/3/2024 | Source |
| Wyoming | 8/20/2024 | N/A | 5/31/2024 | Source |
Wave elections
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
In a July 2018 report, Ballotpedia defined wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in the last 100 years resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party. U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016 are listed in the table below.
| U.S. Senate wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | Senate seats change | Senate majority[26] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -13 | D (flipped) | |
| 1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -12 | D | |
| 1980 | Carter | D | Presidential | -11 | R (flipped) | |
| 1946 | Truman | D | First midterm | -10 | R (flipped) | |
| 1942 | Roosevelt | D | Third midterm | -9 | D | |
| 2014 | Obama | D | Second midterm | -9 | R (flipped) | |
| 1986 | Reagan | R | Second midterm | -8 | D (flipped) | |
| 2008 | George W. Bush | R | Presidential | -8 | D | |
| 1926 | Coolidge | R | First midterm[27] | -7 | R | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | First midterm | -7 | R | |
See also
- United States Congress elections, 2024
- United States House of Representatives elections, 2024
- United States Congress
- United States Senate
- United States House of Representatives
- 118th United States Congress
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat is also up for regular election.
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Sen. Ben Sasse chosen as 13th UF president in unanimous vote of trustees," November 1, 2022
- ↑ Fox 42, "Sen. Ben Sasse has been confirmed as President of the University of Florida," November 9, 2022
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Siouxland News, "Nebraska's Ben Sasse resigning from US Senate," December 5, 2022
- ↑ Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," Sept. 29, 2023
- ↑ Two Independents caucus with the Democratic Party. Another independent, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, counts toward the Democratic majority for committee purposes.
- ↑ The map below also includes the seat held by Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.). That seat is up for special election in 2024.
- ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Sen. Ben Sasse chosen as 13th UF president in unanimous vote of trustees," November 1, 2022
- ↑ Fox 42, "Sen. Ben Sasse has been confirmed as President of the University of Florida," November 9, 2022
- ↑ Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," Sept. 29, 2023
- ↑ The Hill, "Manchin won’t seek reelection in West Virginia," November 9, 2023
- ↑ Laphonza Butler, "Sen. Laphonza Butler not running in 2024 after filling Dianne Feinstein's seat," October 19, 2023
- ↑ Butler was appointed to her Senate seat on Oct. 1, 2023, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D). Feinstein had previously announced her retirement from public office.
- ↑ Debbie Stabenow, "Senator Stabenow Announces She Will Not Seek Re-Election in 2024," January 5, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "Cardin not running for reelection," May 1, 2023
- ↑ Washington Post, "Democratic Sen. Tom Carper of Delaware won't seek reelection, opening up seat in liberal state," May 22, 2023
- ↑ Washington Post, "Mitt Romney says he will not seek a second term in the Senate," September 13, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "Braun to run for Indiana governor, opening Senate seat in 2024," November 30, 2022
- ↑ Sen. Sinema changed her partisan affiliation from Democrat to Independent after the 2022 elections.
- ↑ This deadline was for the following offices: U.S. Congress, state attorney, public defender, state supreme court, district appeals court, circuit court. The filing deadline for state senator, state representative, county office, and special districts was 6/14/2024.
- ↑ This deadline was for U.S. Congress and state offices. The filing deadline for county offices was 3/22/2024.
- ↑ This filing deadline is for non-incumbents. Incumbents must file by 2/15/2024.
- ↑ This filing deadline is for non-judicial candidates. Judicial candidates must file by 1/12/2024.
- ↑ This deadline was for candidates seeking pre-primary designation. The filing deadline for all other candidates was 3/12/2024.
- ↑ In Virginia, the Democratic and Republican parties form committees to decide on the method of nomination used for congressional races. These non-primary methods of nomination may take place on a date other than the statewide primary.
- ↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.
- ↑ Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.
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