Tennessee State Senate

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Tennessee State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:   January 9, 2024
Session end:   April 25, 2024
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $28,406/year + per diem
Members
Total:  33
Democrats:  6
Republicans:  27
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Randy McNally (R)
Maj. Leader:   Jack Johnson (R)
Min. Leader:   Raumesh Akbari (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Tennessee State Senate is the upper chamber of the Tennessee General Assembly. Alongside the Tennessee House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Tennessee state government and works alongside the governor of Tennessee to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Tennessee State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Tennessee State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Nashville, Tennessee.

  • A total of 17 seats out of the state Senate's 33 seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Republican supermajority remained 27-6.
  • A total of 16 seats out of the chamber's 33 seats were up for election in 2020. The chamber's Republican supermajority decreased from 28-5 to 27-6.
  • Tennessee has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

  • This page contains the following information on the Tennessee State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Tennessee State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 6
         Republican Party 27
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 33

    Members

    Leadership

    The membership of the Senate elects a presiding officer, known as the speaker of the Senate. The speaker also serves as lieutenant governor. The speaker appoints the officers of the Senate as well as the officers and membership of the standing committees.[1]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Tennessee State Senate District 1 J. Adam Lowe Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 2 Art Swann Republican December 1, 2017
    Tennessee State Senate District 3 Rusty Crowe Republican 1990
    Tennessee State Senate District 4 Jon Lundberg Republican November 8, 2016
    Tennessee State Senate District 5 Randy McNally Republican 1986
    Tennessee State Senate District 6 Becky Duncan Massey Republican 2011
    Tennessee State Senate District 7 Richard Briggs Republican November 4, 2014
    Tennessee State Senate District 8 Frank Niceley Republican 2012
    Tennessee State Senate District 9 Steve Southerland Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 10 Todd Gardenhire Republican 2012
    Tennessee State Senate District 11 Bo Watson Republican 2006
    Tennessee State Senate District 12 Ken Yager Republican 2008
    Tennessee State Senate District 13 Dawn White Republican November 6, 2018
    Tennessee State Senate District 14 Shane Reeves Republican March 15, 2018
    Tennessee State Senate District 15 Paul Bailey Republican November 4, 2014
    Tennessee State Senate District 16 Janice Bowling Republican 2012
    Tennessee State Senate District 17 Mark Pody Republican January 9, 2018
    Tennessee State Senate District 18 Ferrell Haile Republican 2012
    Tennessee State Senate District 19 Charlane Oliver Democratic November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 20 Heidi Campbell Democratic November 3, 2020
    Tennessee State Senate District 21 Jeff Yarbro Democratic November 4, 2014
    Tennessee State Senate District 22 Bill Powers Republican April 25, 2019
    Tennessee State Senate District 23 Kerry Roberts Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 24 John Stevens Republican November 6, 2012
    Tennessee State Senate District 25 Ed Jackson Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 26 Page Walley Republican November 3, 2020
    Tennessee State Senate District 27 Jack Johnson Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 28 Joey Hensley Republican January 15, 2013
    Tennessee State Senate District 29 Raumesh Akbari Democratic November 6, 2018
    Tennessee State Senate District 30 Sara Kyle Democratic November 4, 2014
    Tennessee State Senate District 31 Brent Taylor Republican November 8, 2022
    Tennessee State Senate District 32 Paul Rose Republican 2019
    Tennessee State Senate District 33 London Lamar Democratic March 3, 2022


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $28,406/yearFor legislators residing within 50 miles of the capitol: $79/day. For legislators residing more than 50 miles from the capitol: $313/day.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Tennessee legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.[2]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    To be eligible to serve in the Tennessee State Senate, a candidate must:[3]

    • Be U.S. citizen
    • Be at least 30 years old before the general election
    • Have resided in Tennessee for at least 3 years before the general election
    • Have resided in the county or district to be represented for at least 1 year, immediately preceding the election
    • Be a qualified voter in the county or district to be represented

    The following groups of people are ineligible to run for office:[3]

    • Those who have been convicted of offering or giving a bribe, or of larceny, or any other offense declared infamous by law, unless restored to citizenship in the mode pointed out by law;
    • Those against whom there is a judgment unpaid for any moneys received by them, in any official capacity, due to the United States, to this state, or any county thereof;
    • Those who are defaulters to the treasury at the time of the election (the election of any such person shall be void);
    • Soldiers, seamen, marines, or airmen in the regular army or navy or air force of the United States; and
    • Members of congress, and persons holding any office of profit or trust under any foreign power, other state of the union, or under the United States.

    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Tennessee State Senate in 2004. In 2022, they won a 27-6 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Tennessee Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Tennessee State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 19 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 14 13 7 6 5 5 6 6
    Republicans 14 15 15 15 15 15 17 17 19 20 26 27 28 28 27 27

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Tennessee was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-1994, 2003-2004
    • Republican trifecta: 2011-2023
    • Divided government: 1995-2002, 2005-2010

    Tennessee Party Control: 1992-2024
    Five years of Democratic trifectas  •  Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D D D D R D D D D D D D D R R S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Tennessee state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years. Tennessee holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Tennessee State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Tennessee State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 1, 2024. The filing deadline is April 4, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Tennessee State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Tennessee State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 4, 2022. The filing deadline was April 14, 2022. The filing deadline was originally scheduled for April 7, 2022, but was rescheduled for May 5, 2022, after a judicial panel ordered the Senate maps be redrawn. This decision was appealed and reversed and the filing deadline for the state Senate was changed to April 14, 2022. [4][5]

    In the 2022 elections, the partisan balance of the Tennessee State Senate did not change.

    Tennessee State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 6 6
         Republican Party 27 27
    Total 33 33

    2020

    See also: Tennessee State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Tennessee State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 6, 2020. The filing deadline was April 2, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, the Republican majority in the Tennessee State Senate decreased by one senator.

    Tennessee State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 5 6
         Republican Party 28 27
    Total 33 33

    2018

    See also: Tennessee State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Tennessee State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on August 2, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was April 5, 2018.[6]

    In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Tennessee State Senate from 26-4 to 28-5.

    Tennessee State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 4 5
         Republican Party 26 28
         Vacancy 3 0
    Total 33 33

    2016

    See also: Tennessee State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Tennessee State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election was held on August 4, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was April 7, 2016. A total of 16 seats out of the 33 seats in the Tennessee State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 28-5 majority. No changes occurred to the partisan balance of the chamber.

    Tennessee State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 5 5
         Republican Party 28 28
    Total 33 33

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Tennessee General Assembly, there are two ways a vacancy can be filled. When twelve months or more remain before the next general election, a special election must be held within the allowable time frame set by law. If fewer than twelve months remain before the next general election, members of the legislative body in the county where the vacancy occurred must vote on a replacement.[13]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Tennessee Const. Art. 2, Sec. 15

    District map

    See also: Tennessee state legislative districts

    The state of Tennessee has 33 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Tennessee

    In Tennessee, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the state legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor.[14]

    The Tennessee Constitution requires that state Senate districts "preserve counties whole where possible." State statutes mandate that no more than 30 counties may be split across districts. Furthermore, state law requires that state legislative districts be contiguous. There are no such requirements in place for congressional districts.[14]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Tennessee after the 2020 census

    On November 22, 2023, the Davidson County Chancery Court struck down the state senate map, declaring it unconstitutional. The court ordered the state to create a new state senate map by January 31, 2024.[15] On April 13, 2022, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed a ruling by the Davidson County Chancery Court on April 6 blocking the same state senate map. Gov. Lee signed the state's legislative districts into law on February 6, 2022.[16]

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    This map took effect for Tennessee's 2022 legislative elections.

    TN Senate22.jpg

    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Tennessee after the 2010 census

    Tennessee received its local census data on March 16, 2011.[17] The state's population rose 11.5 percent to 6,346,105.[18]

    The redistricting process began in January 2012; it was the first time in the state's history where the process was controlled entirely by Republicans. The Tennessee House of Representatives passed its redistricting map on a 67-25 vote, and Gov. Bill Haslam (R) signed it into law on January 26, 2012.[19][20] The State Senate map was passed on January 13, 2012, and signed into law on February 9, 2012.[21][22] House Democrats filed a lawsuit in March, arguing that the House map unnecessarily split too many counties.

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Tennessee State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Tennessee by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Tennessee legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 9, 2024, and adjourn on April 25, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Tennessee legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2023, and adjourn on April 21, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Tennessee

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[29] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    The Tennessee General Assembly, which the Senate is a part of, convenes on the second Tuesday in January on the years following elections as outlined by Article II, Section 8 of the Tennessee Constitution. The legislature is limited to 90 paid legislative days within a two-year term.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Tennessee are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? A majority of members in both chambers.

    A simple majority of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 50 of the 99 members in the Tennessee House of Representatives and 17 of the 33 members in the Tennessee State Senate. Tennessee is one of six states that requires a majority vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    Vetoes can be overridden in a special session called by the legislature.[30] Two-thirds of members in both chambers must agree to call for a special session.[31]

    Authority: Article III, Section 18 of the Tennessee Constitution.

    "Every bill which may pass both Houses of the General Assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor for his signature. If he approve, he shall sign it, and the same shall become a law; but if he refuse to sign it, he shall return it with his objections thereto, in writing, to the house in which it originated; and said House shall cause said objections to be entered at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the bill. If after such reconsideration, a majority of all the members elected to that House shall agree to pass the bill, notwithstanding the objections of the executive, it shall be sent, with said objections, to the other House, by which it shall be likewise reconsidered. If approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that House, it shall become a law."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Tennessee state budget and finances
    Tennessee on Public Policy Logo-one line-on Ballotpedia.png
    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    BudgetsCivil libertiesEducationElectionsEnergyEnvironmentHealthcarePensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[32]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor by October 1.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature by February 1. The deadline for new governors is March 1.
    4. The legislature typically adopts a budget between April and June. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.

    Tennessee is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[32]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to adopt a balanced budget.[32]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Tennessee state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Tennessee State Senate has nine standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Tennessee Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Section 3 of Article XI of the Tennessee Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Tennessee

    The Tennessee Constitution can be amended in two ways—through the legislative process, or a state constitutional convention.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    In Tennessee, the state Legislature must pass a constitutional amending during two successive legislative sessions with an election in between. During the first legislative session, a simple majority vote is required in both legislative chambers. During the second legislative session, a two-thirds vote is required in both legislative chambers. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot. In Tennessee, amendments must be placed on general election ballots in which there is also a gubernatorial election.

    The required legislative votes per session, assuming no vacancies, are listed below:

    Requirements to refer constitutional amendments in Tennessee
    Session Requirement Senate House
    First Simple majority vote 17 50
    Second Two-thirds vote 22 66

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Section 3 of Article XI of the Tennessee Constitution, the state Legislature can vote to refer a constitutional convention question to voters. A simple majority vote is required in the Legislature.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Tennessee 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Tennessee State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Tennessee State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. Tennessee Secretary of State, "Senate," accessed February 16, 2021
    2. Tennessee Constitution, "Article II, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
    3. 3.0 3.1 Tennessee Secretary of State, "Qualifications for elected offices in Tennessee," accessed February 10, 2023
    4. Tennessean, "Tennessee Supreme Court reverses lower court order blocking state's new Senate map," April 13, 2022
    5. Tennessee Secretary of State, "Petition Information," accessed April 11, 2022
    6. Tennessee Secretary of State, "Key Dates for the 2018 Election Cycle," accessed September 6, 2017
    7. Follow the Money, "Tennessee Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed August 2, 2013
    8. Follow the Money, "Tennessee 2008 Candidates," accessed August 2, 2013
    9. Follow the Money, "Tennessee 2006 Candidates," accessed August 2, 2013
    10. Follow the Money, "Tennessee 2004 Candidates," accessed August 2, 2013
    11. Follow the Money, "Tennessee 2002 Candidates," accessed August 2, 2013
    12. Follow the Money, "Tennessee 2000 Candidates," accessed August 2, 2013
    13. Tennessee Legislature, "Tennessee Constitution," accessed May 22, 2014 (Article II, Section 15)
    14. 14.0 14.1 All About Redistricting, "Tennessee," accessed May 5, 2015
    15. The Tennessean, "Judges rule Tennessee Senate map unconstitutional, order legislature to redraw by Jan. 31," November 22, 2023
    16. The Tennessean, "Gov. Bill Lee signs redistricting bills dividing Davidson County into three congressional districts," February 7, 2022
    17. U.S. Census Bureau, "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Tennessee's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting," March 16, 2011 (timed out)
    18. USA Today, "Census 2010 - Tennessee," accessed July 11, 2012
    19. Nashville Scene, "After Deal to Spare a Few Democrats, House Redistricting Plan Rolls," January 12, 2012
    20. Times Free Press, "Tennessee Gov. Bill Haslam approves House, Congressional redistricting map ," January 26, 2012
    21. Memphis Daily News, "State Redistricting Wrinkles Save Kyle's Seat But Continue Debate," January 16, 2012
    22. Tennessee General Assembly, "Bill Information for SB1514," accessed April 14, 2012
    23. Tennessee General Assembly, "Home page," accessed March 24, 2020
    24. Dave Boucher, The Tennessean, "As Haslam officially sworn in, battles await," January 17, 2015
    25. UT Advocacy, "109th Tennessee General Assembly Begins," January 13, 2015
    26. Commercial Appeal, "Guns, wine, vouchers again in Tennessee legislature," January 5, 2013
    27. National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
    28. National Conference of State Legislature, "2010 session dates for Tennessee legislature," December 19, 2011
    29. Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    30. TN Report, "Veto-Override Session May be in Works," March 21, 2014
    31. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," May 6, 2009
    32. 32.0 32.1 32.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023