Status of redistricting after the 2020 census
Redistricting is the process of drawing new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.
This page details the status of redistricting after the 2020 census, including when states adopted new congressional and legislative district boundaries and comparisons to when states enacted congressional and legislative redistricting plans compared to after the 2010 census.
After the 2020 census, forty-four (44) states adopted congressional district maps. Six states were apportioned one U.S. House district, so no congressional redistricting was required. All states adopted legislative district maps for both chambers after the 2020 census.
Status of congressional redistricting
As of December 2023, the following states were still engaged in the congressional redistricting process due to ongoing litigation.
Louisiana
A three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated a 2022 injunction that blocked the implementation of Louisiana’s congressional district maps on November 10, 2023, for violating the Voting Rights Act by diluting the power of African American voters. The court also issued a deadline for the state to enact new maps for the 2024 election cycle.[1]
On November 30, 2023, the U.S. District Court for Middle Louisiana extended the deadline for the creation of new maps that comply with the Voting Rights Act to January 30, 2024.[2]
The United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana struck down the state's congressional map on June 6, 2022, saying in its ruling, "The appropriate remedy in this context is a remedial congressional redistricting plan that includes an additional majority-Black congressional district."[3] Louisiana had enacted a new congressional map on March 30, 2022, when the legislature overrode Gov. John Bel Edwards’ (D) veto of legislation establishing the new districts. Click here for more information.
New York
On December 12, 2023, the New York Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, ruled in a 4-3 decision that the independent redistricting commission did not follow the state's congressional redistricting process and ordered the commission to reconvene and re-draw congressional district boundaries by February 28 for use in the 2024 elections.[4] The court's majority opinion stated, "In 2014, the voters of New York amended our Constitution to provide that legislative districts be drawn by an Independent Redistricting Commission (IRC). The Constitution demands that process, not districts drawn by courts. Nevertheless, the IRC failed to discharge its constitutional duty. That dereliction is undisputed. The Appellate Division concluded that the IRC can be compelled to reconvene to fulfill that duty; we agree. There is no reason the Constitution should be disregarded."[5]
On May 20, 2022, Justice Patrick McAllister ordered the adoption of a new congressional map drawn by redistricting special master Jonathan Cervas.[6] The Associated Press reported that the boundaries that the court enacted "are more favorable to Republicans and more competitive than the previous maps drawn by the Democratically-controlled state Legislature."[7] This map took effect for New York's 2022 congressional elections.
Status of state legislative redistricting
As of December 2023, the following states were still engaged in the legislative redistricting process due to ongoing litigation.
North Dakota
The U.S. District Court of North Dakota struck down the state's legislative map on November 17, 2023, saying in its ruling in the case Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians v. the Secretary of State of North Dakota, "The Secretary is permanently enjoined from administering, enforcing, preparing for, or in any way permitting the nomination or election of members of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly from districts 9 and 15 and subdistrict 9A and 9B. The Secretary and Legislative Assembly shall have until December 22, 2023, to adopt a plan to remedy the violation of Section 2."[8] North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) signed legislation enacting the state's legislative map on November 11, 2021.
Tennessee
On November 22, 2023, the Davidson County Chancery Court struck down the state senate map, declaring it unconstitutional. The court ordered the state to create a new state senate map by January 31, 2024.[9]
On April 13, 2022, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed a ruling by the Davidson County Chancery Court on April 6 blocking the same state senate map.[10] Three individuals filed the original lawsuit on February 23, saying the state's legislative maps violated the Tennessee constitution by non-consecutively numbering Senate districts in Davidson County. The state filed a motion to appeal on April 7 with the Tennessee Court of Appeals.[11]
Wisconsin
On December 22, 2023, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled in a 4-3 vote that the state's legislative maps were unconstitutional and ordered new maps to be drawn before the 2024 election.[12] If the court does not draw new maps that are signed into law by Gov. Tony Evers (D) prior to the election, the legislature stated it is prepared to adopt its own.[13]
Timeline of initial map enactments, 2021-2022
The table and charts below shows enactment dates for the initial congressional and legislative maps enacted in U.S. states after the 2020 census. These maps were in place for the 2022 election cycle.
| Enactment dates for original district maps, 2020 cycle | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Congressional | State legislative |
| Alabama | July 31, 2023[14] | November 4, 2021 |
| Alaska | N/A | House: November 10, 2021 Senate: May 24, 2022[15] |
| Arizona | January 24, 2022 | January 24, 2022 |
| Arkansas | January 14, 2022 | December 29, 2021 |
| California | December 27, 2021 | December 27, 2021 |
| Colorado | November 1, 2021 | November 15, 2021 |
| Connecticut | February 10, 2022 | House: November 18, 2021 Senate: November 23, 2021 |
| Delaware | N/A | November 2, 2021 |
| Florida | April 22, 2022[16] | March 3, 2022 |
| Georgia | December 30, 2021 | December 30, 2021 |
| Hawaii | January 28, 2022 | January 28, 2022 |
| Idaho | November 12, 2021 | November 12, 2021 |
| Illinois | November 24, 2021 | September 24, 2021 |
| Indiana | October 4, 2021 | October 4, 2021 |
| Iowa | November 4, 2021 | November 4, 2021 |
| Kansas | February 9, 2022[17] | May 18, 2022[18] |
| Kentucky | January 20, 2022 | House: January 20, 2022 Senate: January 21, 2022 |
| Louisiana | March 30, 2022[19] | March 14, 2022 |
| Maine | September 29, 2021 | September 29, 2021 |
| Maryland | April 4, 2022[20] | January 27, 2022 |
| Massachusetts | November 22, 2021 | November 4, 2021 |
| Michigan | March 26, 2022[21] | March 26, 2022[22] |
| Minnesota | February 15, 2022 | February 15, 2022 |
| Mississippi | January 24, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |
| Missouri | May 18, 2022 | House: January 19, 2022 Senate: March 15, 2022 |
| Montana | November 12, 2021 | February 22, 2023 |
| Nebraska | September 30, 2021 | September 30, 2021 |
| Nevada | November 16, 2021 | November 16, 2021 |
| New Hampshire | May 31, 2022 | House: March 23, 2022 Senate: May 6, 2022 |
| New Jersey | December 22, 2021 | February 18, 2022 |
| New Mexico | December 17, 2021 | House: December 29, 2021 Senate: January 6, 2022 |
| New York | May 20, 2022[23] | House: April 21, 2022[24] Senate: May 20, 2022[25] |
| North Carolina | ---[26] | ---[27] |
| North Dakota | N/A | November 11, 2021 |
| Ohio | March 2, 2022[28] | May 28, 2022[29] |
| Oklahoma | November 22, 2021 | November 22, 2021 |
| Oregon | September 27, 2021 | September 27, 2021 |
| Pennsylvania | February 23, 2022 | February 4, 2022 |
| Rhode Island | February 16, 2022 | February 16, 2022 |
| South Carolina | January 27, 2022 | December 10, 2021 |
| South Dakota | N/A | November 10, 2021 |
| Tennessee | February 6, 2022 | February 6, 2022[30] |
| Texas | October 25, 2021 | October 25, 2021 |
| Utah | November 12, 2021 | November 16, 2021 |
| Vermont | N/A | April 6, 2022 |
| Virginia | December 28, 2021 | December 28, 2021 |
| Washington | February 8, 2022 | February 8, 2022 |
| West Virginia | October 22, 2021 | October 22, 2021 |
| Wisconsin | March 3, 2022 | April 15, 2022[31] |
| Wyoming | N/A | March 25, 2022 |
Comparison of enactment dates for initial maps after the 2010 and 2020 censuses
The charts below compare the enactment dates for initial congressional and legislative maps after the 2010 and 2020 censuses. These maps were in place for the 2012 and 2022 elections.
See also
- Partisan composition of redistricting committees, 2020 cycle
- Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle
- State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census
- Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census
- State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census
External links
- All About Redistricting
- Dave's Redistricting
- FiveThirtyEight, "What Redistricting Looks Like In Every State"
- National Conference of State Legislatures, "Redistricting Process"
- FairVote, "Redistricting"
Footnotes
- ↑ The New York Times. "Louisiana Must Finalize New Voting Map by January, Federal Appeals Court Says," November 10, 2023
- ↑ AP News. "Louisiana granted extra time to draw new congressional map that complies with Voting Rights Act," December 12, 2023
- ↑ U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, "Robinson, et al vs. Ardoin," June 6, 2022
- ↑ New York Daily News, "New York’s top court orders House map redrawn," December 12, 2023
- ↑ State of New York Court of Appeals, "Opinion No. 90, In the Matter of Anthony S. Hoffmann v. New York State Independent Redistricting Commission," December 12, 2023
- ↑ Gothamist, "Court finalizes new NY congressional, state Senate maps," May 21, 2022
- ↑ WPIX-11, "New York judge approves new maps for August primaries," May 21, 2022
- ↑ U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota, "Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians vs. Michael Howe, in his Official Capacity as Secretary of State of North Dakota," November 17, 2022
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Judges rule Tennessee Senate map unconstitutional, order legislature to redraw by Jan. 31," November 22, 2023
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Gov. Bill Lee signs redistricting bills dividing Davidson County into three congressional districts," February 7, 2022
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Tennessee appeals redistricting ruling after judges block Senate map," April 7, 2021
- ↑ The New York Times, "Justices in Wisconsin Order New Legislative Maps," December 22, 2023
- ↑ Politico, "Wisconsin Supreme Court orders new state legislative maps," December 22, 2023
- ↑ Alabama enacted revised congressional district boundaries after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 8, 2023, that the state's congressional redistricting plan adopted on November 4, 2021, violated the Voting Rights Act and must be redrawn to include a second majority-black district.
- ↑ Initial map enactment took place on November 10, 2021. Overturned twice by court action.
- ↑ Initial map enactment took place on April 22, 2022. Overturned by court action on May 11, 2022. An appeals court reinstated the map on May 20, 2022.
- ↑ A district court judge in Kansas overturned the state's congressional map on April 25, 2022. The state supreme court overturned that ruling on May 18, 2022.
- ↑ Date map approved by state supreme court.
- ↑ Louisiana enacted congressional district boundaries on March 30, 2022. A federal district court overturned that map on June 6, 2022. The U.S. Supreme Court stayed that ruling on June 28, 2022.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on December 9, 2021. That map was overturned by court action on March 25, 2022.
- ↑ Redistricting boundaries became law on this date. The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission approved the state’s congressional map on Dec. 28, 2021.
- ↑ Redistricting boundaries became law on this date. The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission approved legislative maps on Dec. 28, 2021.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on February 3, 2022. The original map was overturned by court action on March 31.
- ↑ New York enacted new State Assembly district boundaries on April 24, 2023, in response to a June 2022 court order. The original districts were used for the 2022 elections and the new districts will be used for state Assembly elections starting in 2024.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on February 3, 2022. The original maps were overturned by court action on March 31. An appeals court reinstated the legislative maps on April 21. The New York Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, ruled to overturn the state senate map on April 27.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on November 4, 2021. The original map was overturned by court action on February 4, 2022. On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court overturned their February 2022 decision voiding the state's enacted congressional maps and vacated the boundaries the legislature enacted in 2021 and the remedial maps used for the 2022 elections.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on November 4, 2021. The original map was overturned by court action on February 4, 2022. On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court overturned their February 2022 decision voiding the state's enacted legislative maps and vacated the boundaries the legislature enacted in 2021 and the remedial maps used for the 2022 elections.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on November 20, 2021. The initial map was overturned by court action on January 14, 2022. On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction within the original legal challenge to further rule on the redrawn map.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on September 16, 2021. The initial maps were overturned by court action on January 12, 2022. A federal court enacted legislative maps for the 2022 elections on May 28.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on February 6, 2022. The state's Senate map was overturned by court action on April 6, 2022, and the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed this decision on April 13, 2022.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on March 3, 2022. The initial maps were overturned by court action on March 23, 2022. The Wisconsin Supreme Court adopted state legislative district maps on April 15, 2022.
