Race and ethnicity on the ballot

Race and ethnicity on the ballot: This topic refers to ballot measures that directly address race and ethnicity issues and policies.

Ballot measures lists

By state Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year. Alabama Alabama Interracial Marriage, Amendment 2 (2000) Alabama Segregation Reference Ban Amendment, Amendment 4 (2012) Alabama Separation of Schools, Amendment 2 (2004) Arizona Arizona Measure Nos. 318-319, Prohibition of Racially Segregated Schools Initiaitve (1950) Arizona Race and Ethnicity Affirmative Action, Programs, and Requirements Amendment (2024) Arkansas Arkansas Free Public Education, Proposed Amendment 51 (1962) California California Proposition 21, Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Imbalances in Schools Initiative (1972) California Proposition 1, Desegregation Busing Court Orders Amendment (1979) California Proposition 11, Equal Employment Opportunity Initiative (1946) Colorado Colorado Amendment No. 8, Prohibition of Bussing Students to Achieve Racial Balance Initiative (1974) Florida Florida Equal Opportunity Education, Straw Poll 2 (March 1972) Florida Forced Busing, Straw Poll 1 (March 1972) Georgia Georgia Compulsory Association in Public Education, Amendment 1 (1962) Hawaii Hawaii Discrimination and Hawaiian Studies, Amendment 20 (1978) Idaho Idaho Indian Right to Vote, HJR 2 (1950) Iowa Iowa Qualifications of Electors, Amendment 1 (1868) Maine Maine Suffrage for Native Americans, Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 2 (1954) Maryland Maryland Discrimination in Public Accommodations, Amendment 5 (1964) Maryland Prohibit Housing Discrimination, Question 4 (1968) Massachusetts Massachusetts Equal Rights, Question 1 (1976) Massachusetts Public Schools Cannot Discriminate Based on Race or Creed, Question 6 (1978) Minnesota Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1865) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1867) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1868) Mississippi Mississippi Race and Marriage, Amendment 3 (1987) Mississippi Segregation, Amendment 4 (1978) Missouri Missouri Repeal Separate Schools for White and Colored Children, Amendment 5 (August 1976) New York New York Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024) North Carolina North Carolina Education Expense Grants and Local School Suspension Votes Amendment (September 1956) North Dakota North Dakota Elective Franchise Referendum (1920) Ohio Ohio Remove "White" From Voter Qualifications Amendment (September 1912) Oklahoma Oklahoma Integrated Schools, State Question 428 (May 1966) Oklahoma Segregation in Schools, State Question 475 (September 1970) Oklahoma Definitions of Racial Terms, State Question 527 (1978) Oregon Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection Initiative (1994) Oregon Measure 14, Remove Historical Racial References in Constitution Amendment (2002) Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Repeal of Forbiddance on "Free Negro and Mullato" People Amendment (1926) Oregon Measure Nos. 306-307, Chinese Property Rights and Mining Claims Amendment (1946) Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Suffrage for "Negro and Mulatto" Persons and "Chinamen" Amendment (1916) Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Suffrage for "Negroes, Chinamen and Mulattoes" Amendment (June 1927) Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021) South Dakota South Dakota Native American Suffrage (1890) Texas Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Amendment (1972) Washington Washington Referendum 35, Non-Discrimination by Real Estate Brokers Measure (1968) Wisconsin Wisconsin Suffrage for African Americans Referendum, Question 1 (1857) Wisconsin Suffrage for African Americans Referendum, Question 1 (1865) By year Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year. 2024 New York Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024) Arizona Race and Ethnicity Affirmative Action, Programs, and Requirements Amendment (2024) 2021 Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021) 2012 Alabama Segregation Reference Ban Amendment, Amendment 4 (2012) 2004 Alabama Separation of Schools, Amendment 2 (2004) 2002 Oregon Measure 14, Remove Historical Racial References in Constitution Amendment (2002) 2000 Alabama Interracial Marriage, Amendment 2 (2000) 1994 Oregon Measure 7, Equal Protection Initiative (1994) 1987 Mississippi Race and Marriage, Amendment 3 (1987) 1979 California Proposition 1, Desegregation Busing Court Orders Amendment (1979) 1978 Hawaii Discrimination and Hawaiian Studies, Amendment 20 (1978) Oklahoma Definitions of Racial Terms, State Question 527 (1978) Massachusetts Public Schools Cannot Discriminate Based on Race or Creed, Question 6 (1978) Mississippi Segregation, Amendment 4 (1978) 1976 Massachusetts Equal Rights, Question 1 (1976) Missouri Repeal Separate Schools for White and Colored Children, Amendment 5 (August 1976) 1974 Colorado Amendment No. 8, Prohibition of Bussing Students to Achieve Racial Balance Initiative (1974) 1972 Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Amendment (1972) Florida Equal Opportunity Education, Straw Poll 2 (March 1972) Florida Forced Busing, Straw Poll 1 (March 1972) California Proposition 21, Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Imbalances in Schools Initiative (1972) 1970 Oklahoma Segregation in Schools, State Question 475 (September 1970) 1968 Washington Referendum 35, Non-Discrimination by Real Estate Brokers Measure (1968) Maryland Prohibit Housing Discrimination, Question 4 (1968) 1966 Oklahoma Integrated Schools, State Question 428 (May 1966) 1964 Maryland Discrimination in Public Accommodations, Amendment 5 (1964) 1962 Arkansas Free Public Education, Proposed Amendment 51 (1962) Georgia Compulsory Association in Public Education, Amendment 1 (1962) 1956 North Carolina Education Expense Grants and Local School Suspension Votes Amendment (September 1956) 1954 Maine Suffrage for Native Americans, Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 2 (1954) 1950 Idaho Indian Right to Vote, HJR 2 (1950) Arizona Measure Nos. 318-319, Prohibition of Racially Segregated Schools Initiaitve (1950) 1946 Oregon Measure Nos. 306-307, Chinese Property Rights and Mining Claims Amendment (1946) California Proposition 11, Equal Employment Opportunity Initiative (1946) 1927 Oregon Measure Nos. 300-301, Suffrage for "Negroes, Chinamen and Mulattoes" Amendment (June 1927) 1926 Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Repeal of Forbiddance on "Free Negro and Mullato" People Amendment (1926) 1920 North Dakota Elective Franchise Referendum (1920) 1916 Oregon Measure Nos. 304-305, Suffrage for "Negro and Mulatto" Persons and "Chinamen" Amendment (1916) 1912 Ohio Remove "White" From Voter Qualifications Amendment (September 1912) Before 1900 Wisconsin Suffrage for African Americans Referendum, Question 1 (1857) Wisconsin Suffrage for African Americans Referendum, Question 1 (1865) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1865) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1867) Iowa Qualifications of Electors, Amendment 1 (1868) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1868) South Dakota Native American Suffrage (1890) Did not make ballot Did not make ballot Arizona "Stop Critical Race Theory and Racial Discrimination in Schools and Other Public Institutions Act" Amendment (2022)

Voting on race and ethnicity Ballot Measures By state By year Not on ballot Local Local race and ethnicity Issues Measures by topic Measures by year Measures by state