Oklahoma State Senate

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Oklahoma State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:   February 5, 2024
Session end:   May 31, 2024
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   12 year cumulative
total, in either or
both chambers
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $47,500/year
+ per diem
Members
Total:  48
Democrats:  8
Republicans:  40
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Matt Pinnell (R)
Maj. Leader:   Greg McCortney (R)
Min. Leader:   Kay Floyd (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Oklahoma State Senate is the upper chamber of the Oklahoma State Legislature. Alongside the Oklahoma House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Oklahoma state government and works alongside the governor of Oklahoma to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Oklahoma State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Oklahoma State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

  • Twenty-four of the state Senate's 48 seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Republican supermajority increased from 39-9 to 40-8.
  • Twenty-four of the chamber's 48 seats were up for election in 2020. The chamber's Republican supermajority remained 39-9.

  • Oklahoma has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Oklahoma State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Oklahoma State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 8
         Republican Party 40
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 48

    Members

    Leadership

    The lieutenant governor serves as president of the Senate, but does not typically preside over the senate. The president pro tempore is chosen by the members of the Senate and acts as chief executive officer of the Senate. The majority and minority caucuses choose their leaders.[1]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Oklahoma State Senate District 1 Micheal Bergstrom Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 2 Ally Seifried Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 3 Blake Cowboy Stephens Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 4 Tom Woods Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 5 George Burns Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 6 David Bullard Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 7 Warren Hamilton Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 8 Roger Thompson Republican November 19, 2014
    Oklahoma State Senate District 9 Dewayne Pemberton Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 10 Bill Coleman Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 11 Kevin Matthews Democratic April 15, 2015
    Oklahoma State Senate District 12 Todd Gollihare Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 13 Greg McCortney Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 14 Jerry Alvord Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 15 Rob Standridge Republican November 21, 2012
    Oklahoma State Senate District 16 Mary Boren Democratic November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 17 Shane Jett Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 18 Jack Stewart Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 19 Roland Pederson Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 20 Chuck Hall Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 21 Tom J. Dugger Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 22 Kristen Thompson Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 23 Lonnie Paxton Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 24 Darrell Weaver Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 25 Joe Newhouse Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 26 Darcy Jech Republican November 19, 2014
    Oklahoma State Senate District 27 Casey Murdock Republican February 26, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 28 Grant Green Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 29 Julie Daniels Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 30 Julia Kirt Democratic November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 31 Chris Kidd Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 32 Dusty Deevers Republican December 20, 2023
    Oklahoma State Senate District 33 Nathan Dahm Republican November 21, 2012
    Oklahoma State Senate District 34 Dana Prieto Republican November 23, 2022
    Oklahoma State Senate District 35 Jo Anna Dossett Democratic November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 36 John Haste Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 37 Cody Rogers Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 38 Brent Howard Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 39 Dave Rader Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 40 Carri Hicks Democratic November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 41 Adam Pugh Republican November 23, 2016
    Oklahoma State Senate District 42 Brenda Stanley Republican November 21, 2018
    Oklahoma State Senate District 43 Jessica Garvin Republican November 18, 2020
    Oklahoma State Senate District 44 Michael Brooks Democratic July 25, 2017
    Oklahoma State Senate District 45 Paul Rosino Republican November 22, 2017
    Oklahoma State Senate District 46 Kay Floyd Democratic November 19, 2014
    Oklahoma State Senate District 47 Greg Treat Republican January 19, 2011
    Oklahoma State Senate District 48 George Young Democratic November 21, 2018


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $47,500/year$168/day

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Oklahoma legislators assume office 15 days following the general election.[2][3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article 5, Section 17 of the Oklahoma Constitution states: "Members of the Senate shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and members of the House of Representatives twenty-one years of age at the time of their election. They shall be qualified electors in their respective counties or districts and shall reside in their respective counties or districts during their term of office."[4]

    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Oklahoma State Senate in 2008. In 2022, they won a 40-8 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Oklahoma Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Oklahoma State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 37 35 33 33 30 28 26 24 22 16 12 8 6 9 9 8
    Republicans 11 13 15 15 18 20 22 24 26 32 36 40 42 39 39 40

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Oklahoma was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-1994, 2003-2004
    • Republican trifecta: 2011-2023
    • Divided government: 1995-2002, 2005-2010

    Oklahoma Party Control: 1992-2024
    Five years of Democratic trifectas  •  Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Oklahoma state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years. Oklahoma holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Oklahoma State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is June 18, 2024, and a primary runoff is August 27, 2024. The filing deadline is April 5, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Oklahoma State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Oklahoma State Senate from 39-9 to 40-8.

    Oklahoma State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 9 8
         Republican Party 39 40
    Total 48 48

    2020

    See also: Oklahoma State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 30, 2020, and a primary runoff was scheduled for August 25, 2020. The filing deadline was April 10, 2020.

    After the November 2020 election, Republicans maintained control of the Oklahoma State Senate but did not gain any seats.

    Oklahoma State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 9 9
         Republican Party 39 39
    Total 48 48

    2018

    See also: Oklahoma State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2018. A primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and a primary runoff took place on August 28, 2018.[5] Democrats use a hybrid primary and Republicans use a closed primary. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was April 13, 2018.[6]

    In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Oklahoma State Senate from 38-8 to 39-9.

    Oklahoma State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 8 9
         Republican Party 38 39
         Vacancy 2 0
    Total 48 48

    2016

    See also: Oklahoma State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Oklahoma State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on June 28, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was April 15, 2016. A total of 25 seats out of the 48 seats in the Oklahoma State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 39-9 majority. Republicans gained three seats in the election, giving them a 42-6 majority.

    Oklahoma State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 9 6
         Republican Party 39 42
    Total 48 48

    Term limits

    See also: State legislatures with term limits

    The Oklahoma legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. Voters enacted the Oklahoma Term Limits Act in 1990. That initiative limits Oklahoma state legislators to no more than twelve years in the Oklahoma State Legislature. These 12 years can be served in any combination of the Oklahoma State Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives.[14]

    The first year that the term limits enacted in 1990 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was in 2004.

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Oklahoma State Legislature, the governor must call a special election no later than 30 days after the vacancy occurs. No special election can be called if the vacancy occurs in an even-numbered year and if the term of office will expire in that year. This second provision allows special elections to be held for outgoing senators with two or more years left in their terms.[15]

    If a senator announces his or her resignation before March 1 but the effective date lies between the general election and the new session, a special election can be held on the general election dates. The winner of this election will take office upon the senator's official resignation. This only applies to senators with two or more years remaining in their terms.[15]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Oklahoma Stat. Ann. tit. 26, § 12-106

    District map

    See also: Oklahoma state legislative districts

    The state of Oklahoma has 48 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Oklahoma

    In Oklahoma, both congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn by the Oklahoma State Legislature. These lines may be vetoed by the governor.[16]

    If the legislature is unable to approve a state legislative redistricting plan, a backup commission must draw the lines. The commission comprises the following seven members:[16]

    1. The governor appoints one Republican and one Democrat.
    2. The majority leader of the Oklahoma State Senate appoints one Republican and one Democrat.
    3. The majority leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives appoints one Republican and one Democrat.
    4. The lieutenant governor serves as the non-voting chair of the commission.

    The Oklahoma Constitution requires that state Senate district boundaries take into account "population, compactness, area, political units, historical precedents, economic and political interests, contiguous territory, and other major factors."[16]

    The redistricting committee of the state House adopted redistricting guidelines similar to the senatorial district requirements described above. These guidelines apply to state House and congressional districts, as well. These guidelines may be amended by the state legislature at its discretion.[16]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Oklahoma after the 2020 census

    Gov. Kevin Stitt (R) signed new legislative maps into law on November 22, 2021.[17] The Senate approved the Senate map in a 46-1 vote on November 17, 2021, and the House approved the Senate map 95-1 on November 19, 2021.[18] The House approved the House map 88-3 on November 17, 2021, and the Senate approved the House map 44-2 on November 19, 2021.[19]These maps took effect for Oklahoma's 2022 legislative elections.

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    This map took effect for Oklahoma's 2022 legislative elections.

    Oklahoma Senate Final Map.jpg

    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Oklahoma after the 2010 census

    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Oklahoma's population increased from 3.45 million to 3.75 million between 2000 and 2010.[20] The population was densest around Oklahoma City and Tulsa. Growth rates were highest in the suburban and exurban areas surrounding these cities, while rural Oklahoma counties grew at a lower rate or lost population. Of Oklahoma's 77 counties, 23 saw a drop in population between 2000 and 2010.[21] The state's overall growth rate was 8.7 percent, which was below the national average of 9.7 percent, but not low enough to cost the state a Congressional seat.[22]

    Oklahoma officials received detailed Oklahoma results from the Census in February 2011. The legislature formed steering committees in each chamber to draft the maps before the May 27, 2011 deadline. The House of Representatives completed its work relatively quickly, producing a map that avoided putting any incumbents in a district together by early May.[23] The Senate did not produce a map until mid-May.[24][25][26] The House map was passed in its initial vote, while the Senate encountered minority opposition. The opposition eased on the second round of votes, and the Gov. Mary Fallin (R) signed the bills into law on May 20, 2011, seven days before the deadline.[27][28]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Oklahoma State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Oklahoma by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Oklahoma legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on February 5, 2024, and adjourn on May 31, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Oklahoma legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 6, 2023, and adjourn on May 26, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Oklahoma

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[40] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article V of the Oklahoma Constitution establishes when the Oklahoma State Legislature, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 26 of Article V states that the Legislature is to meet in regular session on the first Monday in February of each year, and it is to adjourn its regular session by the last Friday in May of each year. Additionally, Section 26 also states that the Legislature is to meet for organizational purposes on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in January of each odd-numbered year.

    Section 27 of Article V contains the rules for convening special sessions of the Legislature. Section 27 allows a special session to be called by the Governor of Oklahoma or by a written call signed by two-thirds of the members of both legislative houses.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Oklahoma are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 68 of the 101 members in the Oklahoma House of Representatives and 32 of the 48 members in the Oklahoma State Senate. Oklahoma is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Are there other special rules?

    If the governor vetoes an emergency measure, three-fourths of the members in both chambers are required to override the veto, which is 76 of the 101 state representatives and 36 of the 48 state senators.[41]

    Authority: Article VI, Section 11 of the Oklahoma Constitution.

    "Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and House of Representatives, and every resolution requiring the assent of both branches of the Legislature, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; if not, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large in the Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of the members elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill or joint resolution, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and, if approved by two-thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections of the Governor."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Oklahoma state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[42]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor by October 1.
    3. Agency hearings are held from November through January.
    4. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in February.
    5. The legislature typically adopts a budget in May. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The new fiscal year begins July 1.


    Oklahoma is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[42]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to pass a balanced budget.[42]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Oklahoma state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Oklahoma State Senate has 14 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Oklahoma Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Section 1, Article V, and Article XXIV of the Oklahoma Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Oklahoma

    The Oklahoma Constitution provides three mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Oklahoma requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Initiative

    See also: Initiated constitutional amendment

    An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. There are 18 states that allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

    In Oklahoma, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 15% of the votes cast in the last gubernatorial election. A simple majority vote is required for voter approval.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the Oklahoma State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 51 votes in the Oklahoma House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Oklahoma State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Section 2 of Article XXIV of the Oklahoma Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years. Oklahoma is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question. However, the last time Oklahomans voted on such a question was in 1970.[43] According to the State Constitutional Convention Clearinghouse, "Since 1970, Oklahoma’s legislature has refused to follow its Constitution with regard to this provision. In 1994, it placed a referendum on the ballot to eliminate this requirement, but the people of Oklahoma defeated it. Since 1990, many bills have been introduced to implement this part of the Constitution but none has passed."[44]



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Oklahoma 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Oklahoma State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Oklahoma State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Oklahoma State Senate, "Senate Majority Leadership," accessed July 21, 2014
    2. ↑ Oklahoma State Courts Network, "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized 14 O.S. § 80.35.14," accessed November 2, 2021
    3. ↑ Oklahoma State Courts Network, "Oklahoma Statutes Citationized 14 O.S. § 145 ," accessed February 3, 2023
    4. ↑ Oklahoma Legislature, "Oklahoma Constitution," accessed February 10, 2023
    5. ↑ Oklahoma State Board of Elections, "Oklahoma Elections — 2018," accessed August 23, 2017
    6. ↑ Oklahoma State Board of Elections, "Candidate Filing," accessed August 23, 2017
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2012 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2008 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2006 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2004 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    12. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2002 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    13. ↑ Follow the Money, "Oklahoma State Senate 2000 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 1, 2014
    14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named limits
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Justia US Law, "2014 Oklahoma Statutes Title 26. Elections §26-12-106. Vacancies in the Legislature," accessed February 3, 2023 (Statute 26-12-106(A), Oklahoma Statutes)
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 All About Redistricting, "Oklahoma," accessed May 6, 2015
    17. ↑ Oklahoma Office of the Governor, "Governor Kevin Stitt Signs Six Redistricting Bills into Law," November 22, 2021
    18. ↑ Oklahoma Legislature, "SB 1," accessed November 23, 2021
    19. ↑ Oklahoma Legislature, "HB 1001," accessed November 23, 2021
    20. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Oklahoma Profile," accessed July 21, 2014
    21. ↑ USA Today, "Oklahoma City, suburbs see 'significant growth'," February 18, 2011
    22. ↑ The Express-Star, "State's congressional representation to stay the same," March 7, 2011
    23. ↑ Tulsa Today, "Not Kumbaya, but close: House reapportionment headed to a peaceful end," May 10, 2011(Archived)
    24. ↑ Tulsa World, "Redistricting draws criticism: One senator says lawmakers shouldn't be involved in the process," April 24, 2011
    25. ↑ News-Star, "House redistricting moves forward, Senate plan stalls," May 10, 2011
    26. ↑ NewsOK, "State Senate releases maps for proposed districts," May 12, 2011
    27. ↑ Real Clear Politics, "Fallin signs House, Senate redistricting bills," May 20, 2011
    28. ↑ The Oklahoman, "Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin signs redistricting bills," May 21, 2011
    29. ↑ Fox News 23, "Oklahoma Legislature closes, coronavirus increases in state," March 20, 2020
    30. ↑ KOSU, "Oklahoma Capitol Remains Empty Of Legislators During COVID-19 Crisis," March 30, 2020
    31. ↑ The Oklahoman, "Coronavirus in Oklahoma: Legislature convenes," April 6, 2020
    32. ↑ McAlester News-Capital, "State Capitol to reopen to public on Monday," May 2, 2020
    33. ↑ enidnews.com, "Legislators have eyes on budget," accessed February 2, 2015
    34. ↑ TulsaWorld.com, "Oklahoma Gov. Fallin to push education, reduced incarceration and improved health," accessed February 2, 2015
    35. ↑ www.tulsaworld.com, "2014 Oklahoma Legislature: Budget challenges, leadership matters await as session begins," accessed February 3, 2014
    36. ↑ Muskogee Phoenix, "State House Republicans unveil 2013 legislative agenda," February 1, 2013
    37. ↑ WatchDog.org, "OK special session puts lawsuit reforms back in place," accessed October 25, 2013
    38. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 6, 2014(Archived)
    39. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2010 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed June 19, 2014(Archived)
    40. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    41. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
    42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    43. ↑ Sooner Politics, "An Oklahoma Constitutional Convention Is Being Drawn Up", July 2, 2015
    44. ↑ State Constitutional Convention Clearinghouse, "Periodic Constitutional Convention Comparative Information"; retrieved January 4, 2016
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    Operations: Meghann Olshefski • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
    Policy: Caitlin Styrsky • Audrey Bayne • Molly Byrne • Jon Dunn • Jimmy McAllister • Annelise Reinwald
    Research: Josh Altic
    Tech: Matt Latourelle • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Trevor Pollo • Joseph Sanchez

    Contributors: Scott Rasmussen
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