North Dakota House of Representatives
| North Dakota House of Representatives | |
 | |
| General Information | |
| Party control: | Republican |
| Session start: | No regular legislative session |
| Session end: | No regular legislative session |
| Term length: | 4 years |
| Term limits: | 2 terms (8 years) |
| Redistricting: | Legislature-dominant |
| Salary: | $537/month + per diem |
| Members | |
| Total: | 94 |
| Democrats: | 12 |
| Republicans: | 82 |
| Other: | 0 |
| Vacancies: | 0 |
| Leadership | |
| Speaker: | Lawrence Klemin (R) |
| Maj. Leader: | Mike Lefor (R) |
| Min. Leader: | Joshua Boschee (D) |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Next election: | November 5, 2024 |
The North Dakota House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly. Alongside the North Dakota State Senate, it forms the legislative branch of the North Dakota state government and works alongside the governor of North Dakota to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the North Dakota House of Representatives include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.
The North Dakota House of Representatives meets in the state capitol building in Bismarck, North Dakota.
North Dakota has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature. |
This page contains the following information on the North Dakota House of Representatives.
- Which party controls the chamber
- The chamber's current membership
- Partisan control of the chamber over time
- Elections in the chamber and how vacancies are filled
- A district map
- How redistricting works in the state
- Legislation currently under consideration
- Legislative session dates
- Legislative procedures, such as veto overrides and the state budget process
- A list of committees
Party control
Current partisan control
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the North Dakota House of Representatives as of January 2024:
| Party | As of January 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 12 | |
| Republican Party | 82 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 94 | |
Members
Leadership
The speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the body.
Leadership and members
- Speaker of the House: Lawrence Klemin (R)
- Majority leader: Mike Lefor (R)
- Minority leader: Joshua Boschee (D)
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $537/month | $205/day |
Swearing in dates
North Dakota legislators assume office December 1st.[1]
Membership qualifications
Article 4, Section 5 of the North Dakota Constitution states:
| “ | Each individual elected or appointed to the legislative assembly must be, on the day of the election or appointment, a qualified elector in the district from which the member was selected and must have been a resident of the state for one year immediately prior to that election. An individual may not serve in the legislative assembly unless the individual lives in the district from which selected.[2][3] | ” |
Historical party control
Republicans won control of the North Dakota House of Representatives in 1984. In 2022, they won an 82-12 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the North Dakota House following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
North Dakota House of Representatives election results: 1992-2022
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 33 | 23 | 26 | 34 | 29 | 28 | 26 | 33 | 36 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 12 |
| Republicans | 65 | 75 | 72 | 64 | 69 | 66 | 68 | 61 | 58 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 81 | 79 | 80 | 82 |
Trifecta history
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, North Dakota was under the following types of trifecta control:
- Democratic trifecta: None
- Republican trifecta: 1995-2023
- Divided government: 1992-1994
North Dakota Party Control: 1992-2024
No Democratic trifectas • Thirty years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Elections
Elections by year
North Dakota state representatives serve staggered, four-year terms, with half of the chamber's seats up for election every two years. North Dakota holds elections for its legislature in even years.
2024
Elections for the North Dakota House of Representatives will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is June 11, 2024. The filing deadline is April 8, 2024.
2022
Elections for the North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 14, 2022. The filing deadline was April 11, 2022.
The Republican Party expanded its majority by two seats in the 2022 general election, from 80-14 to 82-12.
| North Dakota House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 14 | 12 | |
| Republican Party | 80 | 82 | |
| Total | 94 | 94 | |
2020
Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 9, 2020. The filing deadline was April 6, 2020.
In the 2020 elections, the Republican majority in the North Dakota House of Representatives increased from 79-15 to 80-14.
| North Dakota House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2020 | After November 4, 2020 | |
| Democratic Party | 15 | 14 | |
| Republican Party | 79 | 80 | |
| Total | 94 | 94 | |
2018
Elections for the North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on June 12, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was April 9, 2018.[4]
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the North Dakota House of Representatives was reduced from 80-13 to 79-15.
| North Dakota House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 13 | 15 | |
| Republican Party | 80 | 79 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 94 | 94 | |
2016
Elections for the North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on June 14, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was April 11, 2016. A total of 47 seats out of the 94 seats in the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.
Heading into the election, Republicans held a 71-23 majority. Republicans gained 10 seats in the election, giving them a 81-13 majority.
| North Dakota House of Representatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 23 | 13 | |
| Republican Party | 71 | 81 | |
| Total | 94 | 94 | |
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2014Elections for the North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 10, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was April 7, 2014. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 70-23 majority with one vacancy. Republicans increased their seat advantage from 70 to 71 in the election. The Democratic Party saw no change to their total number of seats, holding at 23.
2012Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on June 12, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was April 13, 2012. A total of 46 seats were up for election. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 69-25 majority. Republicans gained two seats in the election, giving them a 71-23 majority.
During the 2012 election, the total value of contributions to the 97 House candidates was $437,249. The top 10 contributors were:[5]
2010Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was March 8, 2010. Heading into the election, Republicans held a 58-36 majority. Republicans gained 11 seats in the election, giving them a 69-25 majority.
During the 2010 election, the total value of contributions to the 89 House candidates was $428,028. The top 10 contributors were:[6]
2008Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on June 10, 2008, and a general election on November 4, 2008. During the 2008 election, the total value of contributions to the 91 House candidates was $406,833. The top 10 contributors were:[7]
2006Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on June 13, 2006, and a general election on November 7, 2006. A total of 48 seats were up for election. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to the 91 House candidates was $305,907. The top 10 contributors were:[8]
2004Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on June 8, 2004, and a general election on November 8, 2004. A total of 49 seats were up for election. During the 2004 election, the total value of contributions to the 93 House candidates was $194,667. The top 10 contributors were:[9]
2002Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on June 11, 2002, and a general election on November 5, 2002. A total of 49 seats were up for election. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to the 98 House candidates was $166,920. The top 10 contributors were:[10]
2000Elections for the office of North Dakota House of Representatives consisted of a primary election on June 13, 2000, and a general election on November 7, 2000. A total of 49 seats were up for election. During the 2000 election, the total value of contributions to the 101 House candidates was $68,474. The top 10 contributors were:[11]
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Term limits
- See also: State legislatures with term limits
The North Dakota Legislative Assembly is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. It has been a term-limited state legislature since North Dakota voters approved Constitutional Measure 1 in 2022, as an initiated constitutional amendment. The first year that the term limits enacted in 2022 will impact the ability of incumbents to run for office is 2030. Under North Dakota's term limits, state representatives can serve no more than two four-year terms.
Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the North Dakota State Legislature, the vacancy is filled by the district committee of the political party that holds the seat. A replacement must be named within 21 days of the vacancy. The appointed person shall serve until the next general election which is scheduled for at least 94 days after the vacancy occurs. Qualified electors in a district where a vacancy exists can also petition for a special election to be called by the governor to fill the remaining term.[12]
See sources: North Dakota Cent. Code §44-02-03.1
District map
- See also: North Dakota state legislative districts
The state of North Dakota has 47 state House districts. Each district elects two representatives.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in North Dakota
Because North Dakota has only one congressional district, congressional redistricting is not necessary. The state legislature draws state legislative district boundaries. State legislative district lines are subject to veto by the governor.[13]
The North Dakota Constitution requires that state legislative districts be "compact and contiguous."[13][14]
2020
The U.S. District Court of North Dakota struck down the state's legislative map on November 17, 2023, saying in its ruling in the case Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians v. the Secretary of State of North Dakota, "The Secretary is permanently enjoined from administering, enforcing, preparing for, or in any way permitting the nomination or election of members of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly from districts 9 and 15 and subdistrict 9A and 9B. The Secretary and Legislative Assembly shall have until December 22, 2023, to adopt a plan to remedy the violation of Section 2."[15] North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) signed legislation enacting the state's legislative map on November 11, 2021.
The North Dakota House of Representatives approved the maps in a 73-18 vote on November 9, 2021, and the North Dakota State Senate approved the maps in a 40-7 vote on November 10, 2021.[16] These maps took effect for North Dakota's 2022 legislative elections.
The map was drafted by the Legislative Redistricting Committee, which had fourteen Republican members and two Democratic members. The state maintained its 47 legislative districts, but three new districts were placed near more populous areas and three districts were removed from less populous rural areas.[17]
District map after 2020 redistricting
This map took effect for North Dakota's 2022 legislative elections.
2010
North Dakota received its local census data on March 15, 2011. The state's population grew by approximately 5 percent to 672,591, but more rural districts lost population to more urban districts. The legislature held a special session in November 2011 after preliminary approval by the Interim Legislative Redistricting Committee and passed the proposed plan on November 8. The plan cut two rural districts, added districts in Fargo and Bismarck, and paired over a dozen incumbents. Gov. Jack Dalrymple (R) signed the plan into law on November 9.
Sessions
Legislation
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the North Dakota House of Representatives has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the House to the Senate and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.
Dates of legislative sessions in North Dakota by year
2024
- See also: Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions
In 2024, the legislature will not hold a regular session.
2023
In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2023, and adjourn on April 29, 2023.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. |
|---|
2022
In 2022, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 5, 2021, and adjourn on April 29, 2021. 2020
In 2020, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2019, through April 26, 2019. 2018
In 2018, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 3, 2017, through April 27, 2017. 2016
In 2016, the Legislature did not hold a regular session. 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 6 through April 29. Major issues in 2015Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included funding for oil country, Common Core education standards, income taxes, and higher education funding.[18] 2014
In 2014, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 8 to May 4. Major issues in 2013Major issues in the 2013 legislative session were focused mostly on the oil boom in western North Dakota and included a budget, the state surplus, improved transportation infrastructure, and decreasing crime.[19] 2012
In 2012, the legislature did not hold a regular session. 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in regular session from January 4 through April 28.[20] A special session was called by Governor Jack Dalrymple (R) from November 7 through 12 to cover legislative redistricting and disaster relief.[21] Interim CommitteesOn May 25, 2011 the Legislative Management Committee appointed members to the state's interim committees. Historically, majority and minority members of the Legislative Management Committee are appointed as chairs of the interim committees. However in 2011, only Republican legislators were appointed to chair interim committees. House Minority Leader Jerome Kelsh (D) called the move partisan and a "break with tradition." House Majority Leader Al Carlson (R) argued that the appointments reflected wishes of voters in electing Republican candidates. Regardless of the particular committee chair, Republicans had a majority on all committees. Only a few states permit minority committee chairs.[22] 2010
In 2010, the legislature did not meet in regular session.[23] |
About legislative sessions in North Dakota
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[24] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.
Article IV of the North Dakota Constitution establishes when the North Dakota Legislative Assembly, of which the House is a part, is to be in session. Section 7 of Article IV states that the Assembly is to convene in regular session every January after a legislative election. This means that the Assembly convenes in January of every odd-numbered year. Section 7 specifies that the convening date is to be the first Tuesday after the third day in January, unless this date is changed by law. Section 7 limits the length of regular sessions to no more than eighty days every two years.
Legislative roles and procedures
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in North Dakota are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.
| Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 63 of the 94 members in the North Dakota House of Representatives and 32 of the 47 members in the North Dakota State Senate. North Dakota is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
Authority: Article V, Section 9 of the North Dakota Constitution.
| "The governor shall return for reconsideration any vetoed item or bill, with a written statement of the governor's objections, to the house in which it originated. That house shall immediately enter the governor's objections upon its journal. If, by a recorded vote, two-thirds of the members elected to that house pass a vetoed item or bill, it, along with the statement of the governor's objections, must immediately be delivered to the other house. If, by a recorded vote, two-thirds of the members elected to the other house also pass it, the vetoed item or bill becomes law." |
Role in state budget
- See also: North Dakota state budget and finances
North Dakota on 
|
The state operates on a biennial budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[25]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies between April and May of the year preceding the start of the new biennium.
- State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor between July and October.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in December.
- The legislature typically adopts a budget in April. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The new biennium begins in July.
North Dakota is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[25]
The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the state legislature is required to pass a balanced budget.[25]
Committees
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
- Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
- Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
- Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The North Dakota House of Representatives has 14 standing committees:
- Appropriations - Education and Environment Committee
- Appropriations - Government Operations Division Committee
- Appropriations - Human Resources Division Committee
- House Agriculture Committee
- House Appropriations Committee
- House Education Committee
- House Energy and Natural Resources Committee
- House Finance and Taxation Committee
- House Government and Veterans Affairs Committee
- House Human Services Committee
- House Industry, Business and Labor Committee
- House Judiciary Committee
- House Political Subdivisions Committee
- House Transportation Committee
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the North Dakota Constitution can be amended:
The North Dakota Constitution provides three mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Ohio requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.
Initiative
- See also: Initiated constitutional amendment
An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. There are 18 states that allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.
In North Dakota, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 4% of the state's population reported by the last decennial census. Each initiative has its own unique deadline of one year after it was approved to circulate. The completed petition must be submitted at least 120 days prior to the election.
Legislature
A simple majority vote is required during one legislative session for the North Dakota State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 48 votes in the North Dakota House of Representatives and 24 votes in the North Dakota State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 1 of Article III of the North Dakota Constitution, the state's initiative petition process is used to call a constitutional convention.
2025 measures:
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
2024 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature.
- See also: North Dakota 2024 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures were certified for the ballot.
| North Dakota Update Constitutional Language Describing State Institutions Amendment | Democrats | Republicans | |||
| Senate: | Required: 24 | Yes votes: 47 (100.0%) | No votes: 0 (0.0%) | Yes: 4; No: 0 | Yes: 43; No: 0 |
| House: | Required: 48 | Yes votes: 92 (97.87%) | No votes: 0 (0.00%) | Yes: 12; No: 0 | Yes: 80; No: 0 |
| North Dakota Single-Subject Requirement for Initiatives and Require Constitutional Initiatives to be Passed Twice Amendment | Democrats | Republicans | |||
| Senate: | Required: 24 | Yes votes: 44 (93.62%) | No votes: 3 (6.38%) | Yes: 2; No: 2 | Yes: 42; No: 1 |
| House: | Required: 48 | Yes votes: 73 (78.72%) | No votes: 18 (19.15%) | Yes: 1; No: 10 | Yes: 72; No: 8 |
| North Dakota Legacy Fund Transfers Amendment | Democrats | Republicans | |||
| Senate: | Required: 24 | Yes votes: 45 (95.7%) | No votes: 1 (2.1%) | Yes: 4; No: 0 | Yes: 41; No: 1 |
| House: | Required: 48 | Yes votes: 92 (97.87%) | No votes: 1 (1.06%) | Yes: 12; No: 0 | Yes: 80; No: 1 |
See also
| Elections | North Dakota State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
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External links
Footnotes
- ↑ North Dakota Constitution, "Article IV, Section 7," accessed February 12, 2021
- ↑ North Dakota Legislative Branch, "North Dakota Constitution, Article IV," accessed February 10, 2023
- ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ North Dakota Secretary of State, "2018 North Dakota Election Calendar," accessed August 3, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2012 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2008 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2006 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2004 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2002 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "North Dakota House of Representatives 2000 Campaign Contributions," accessed May 23, 2014
- ↑ North Dakota Legislative Branch, "North Dakota Century Code §44-02-03.1," accessed February 6, 2023
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 All About Redistricting, 'North Dakota," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ North Dakota Constitution, "Article IV, Section 2," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota, "Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians vs. Michael Howe, in his Official Capacity as Secretary of State of North Dakota," November 17, 2022
- ↑ North Dakota Office of the Governor, "Burgum signs bill to approve legislative redistricting, completing process required following 2020 census," November 11, 2021
- ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "North Dakota Legislature Approves New Redistricting Map," November 10, 2021
- ↑ Prairie Business, "Oil country funding most anticipated issue of ND legislative session," January 2, 2015
- ↑ NewsOK, "Oil issues to dominate ND legislative session," January 6, 2013
- ↑ North Dakota Legislative Assembly, "View House Floor Calendar," accessed August 18, 2014
- ↑ The Bismarck Tribune, "N.D. House leader: Special session starts Nov. 7," September 15, 2011
- ↑ PlainsDaily, "ND Dems Disappointed With No Chairmanship Assignments," May 25, 2011
- ↑ North Dakota Legislative Assembly, "61st Legislative Assembly," accessed August 18, 2014
- ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
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