Minimum wage increases in 2020

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Last updated: December 19, 2019

In 2020, the minimum wage increased in 24 states and Washington, D.C. The size of increases ranged from $0.10 in Florida to $1.50 in New Mexico, Washington, and New York City for certain employees. In New York and Oregon, state laws provided for regional minimum wages.

After 2020 increases, state-set minimum wages ranged from lower than the Federal minimum wage in certain states to $13.50 per hour in Washington, $14.00 per hour in D.C. and $15.00 per hour for all employees in New York City.

Of the 24 states and D.C. with increases in 2020, 11 (44%) of the increases took place due to citizen initiatives approved by voters. The remaining 13 states and D.C. featured minimum wage increases due to legislation approved by lawmakers.

HIGHLIGHTS
  • In 2020, the largest minimum wage increases based on state laws were $1.50 in New Mexico ($7.50 to $9.00), Washington ($12.00 to $13.50), and New York City ($13.50 to $15.00 for certain employees).
  • The highest minimum wage based on state law was $15.00 in New York City in 2020. The highest statewide minimum wages based on state laws were $13.50 per hour in Washington and $13.00 in California.
  • The minimum wage increased in 24 states and D.C—eight states due to wages being indexed to changes in cost-of-living or inflation; 10 states and D.C. due to legislative bills scheduling specific increases; and six states due to citizen-initiated measures scheduling specific increases.
  • In 2019, there were no statewide ballot measures related to minimum wages. Legislation to increase state minimum wages were approved by state legislatures and signed into law in five states in 2019.
  • One measure, a $15 per hour minimum wage initiative in Florida, has been certified for the 2020 ballot so far. Potential measures designed to increase minimum wages in Arizona and Idaho and one measure to prohibit local minimum wage increases in Missouri were filed targeting 2020 ballots.

    • 2020 minimum wages

    Excluding D.C., which has the highest minimum wage of $14.00, the average state minimum wage in 2020 is around $9.17, up from $8.68 in 2019. The highest statewide minimum wages are $13.50 in Washington and $13.00 in California. The lowest minimum wages based on state law are $5.15 in Georgia and Wyoming, which is lower than the federal government's requirement, therefore, the federal minimum wage of $7.25 supersedes state law for most types of employees. A total of 21 states use the federal minimum wage rate of $7.25.

    Changes to state minimum wage laws in 2019

    The following list details the adopted changes to state minimum wage laws in chronological order:

    • Illinois Senate Bill 1: On February 19, 2019 Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker signed into law SB 1, which enacted a gradual increase in the state minimum wage until it reaches $15 by 2025. The first increase occurred on January 1, 2020. The minimum wage increased from $8.25 to $9.25 per hour. A second increase will take effect on July 1,2020, which will increased the minimum wage from $9.25 to $10.00.[1]
    • New Jersey Assembly Bill 15: The New Jersey State Legislature approved A15 on January 31, 2019. Gov. Phil Murphy (D) signed the bill on February 4, 2019. A15 was designed to increase the minimum wage over five years, reaching $15.00 in 2024. In 2019, A15 was set to increase the minimum wage to $10.00 on July 1, 2019. On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in New Jersey increased from $10 to $11. Before the new law, Question 2, a legislative referral approved in 2013, increased the minimum wage to $8.25 in 2014 and indexed the wage to inflation beginning in 2015.
    • New Mexico Senate Bill 437: On April 1, 2019, New Mexico Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham signed into law SB 437, which was designed to increase the minimum wage gradually from $7.50 to $12.00 by 2023. On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in New Mexico increased from $7.50 to $9.00. The law did not tie the wage to inflation.[2]
    • Connecticut Public Act 19-4: On May 16, 2019, the Connecticut legislature passed Public Act 19-4. On May 28, 2019, Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont signed it into law. It enacted a gradual increase to the state minimum wage that would reach $15.00 by 2023 and then be adjusted by the U.S. Department of Labor's employment cost index thereafter. On September 1, 2020, Connecticut's minimum wage will increase from $11.00 to $12.00 per hour.[3]
    • Nevada Assembly Bill 456: On June 12, 2019, Nevada Governor Steve Sisolak signed into law Assembly Bill 456, which gradually increases the state's minimum wage to $12 by 2024. On July 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Nevada increased from $8.25 to $9.00 for employees who receive health benefits and from $7.25 to $8.00 for employees who do not receive health benefits. The minimum wage will increase by 0.75 cents every year until 2024.[4]

    Increases in 2020

    In 2020, the minimum wage increased in 24 states and Washington, D.C. The size of increases ranged from $0.10 in Florida to $1.50 in New Mexico, Washington, and New York City for certain employees. The average wage increase was $0.22, including all states and Washington, D.C. The average wage increase was $1.10 for just the states with increases in 2020 and Washington, D.C, and excluding states without 2020 increases.

    Effective December 31, 2019

    One increase in the minimum wage was scheduled for New Year's Eve, December 31, 2019, in the following state:

    • New York: On December 31, 2019, the minimum wage increased in New York. Passed in 2016, the legislation for the state's minimum wage divided the state into three regions. In New York City, the minimum wage will remain at $15.00 for employers of 11 or more employees on December 31. In Long Island and Westchester, the minimum wage increased from $12.00 to $13.00. In the remainder of New York, the minimum wage increased from $11.10 to $11.80.[5] To read more about New York's regional minimum wages, see the regional minimum wages section below.

    Effective January 1, 2020

    Twenty-one (66%) of the wage increases were scheduled to occur on January 1, 2020, in the following states:

    Measures

    Voting on
    Minimum Wage
    Wages and pay.jpg
    Ballot Measures
    By state
    By year
    Not on ballot
    • Alaska: In 2014, voters in Alaska approved Measure 3, which increased the minimum wage to $9.75 in 2016 and indexed the wage to inflation thereafter. On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage increased from $9.89 to $10.19 due to inflation.[6]
    • Arizona: Arizona's minimum wage increased from $11 to $12 on January 1, 2020. In 2016, voters approved Proposition 206, which was designed to increase the minimum wage each year until reaching $12.00 in 2020 and index the wage to inflation beginning in 2021.[7]
    • Arkansas: Voters approved Issue 5 on November 6, 2018. On January 1, 2020, Issue 5 increased the state's minimum wage from $9.25 to $10.00. Issue 5 was designed to increase the minimum wage each year until reaching $11.00 in 2021. Issue 5 did not index the minimum wage to inflation.[8]
    • Colorado: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Colorado increased from $11.10 to $12.00 due to a ballot initiative approved in 2016. Amendment 70 was designed to increase the minimum each year until reaching $12.00 in 2020 and index the wage to inflation beginning in 2021.[9]
    • Florida: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Florida increased from $8.46 to $8.56 due to inflation. In 2004, voters in Florida approved Amendment 5, which increased the minimum wage to $6.15 in 2005 and indexed the wage to inflation thereafter.[10]
    • Maine: Maine's minimum wage increased from $11.00 to $12.00 on January 1, 2020 due to a ballot initiative approved in 2016. Question 4 was designed to increase the minimum wage each year until reaching $12.00 in 2020 and index the wage to inflation beginning in 2021.[11]
    • Missouri: Voters in Missouri approved Proposition B on November 6, 2018. Proposition B increased the state's minimum wage from $8.60 to $9.45 on January 1, 2020. Proposition B was designed to increase the minimum each year until reaching $12 in 2023 and indexing the wage to inflation beginning in 2024.[12]
    • Montana: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Montana increased from $8.50 to $8.65. In 2006, voters approved Initiative 151, which increased the minimum wage to $6.15 in 2007 and indexed the minimum wage to inflation beginning in 2008.[13]
    • Ohio: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Ohio increased from $8.55 to $8.70 due to inflation. In 2006, voters approved Amendment 2, which increased the minimum wage to $6.85 in 2007 and indexed the minimum wage to inflation beginning in 2008.[14]
    • South Dakota: South Dakota's minimum wage increased from $9.10 to $9.30 on January 1, 2020. In 2014, voters approved Measure 18, which increased the minimum wage to $8.50 in 2015 and indexed the minimum wage to inflation beginning in 2016.[15]
    • Washington: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Washington increased from $12.00 to $13.50. In 2016, voters approved Initiative 1433, which was designed to increase the minimum wage to $13.50 in 2020 and index the minimum wage to inflation beginning in 2021.[16]

    Bills

    • California: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in California increased from $12.00 to $13.00. In 2015, the California State Legislature passed Senate Bill 3 as a compromise with the labor union behind a citizen-initiated measure that would have increased the minimum wage faster. SB 3 was set to increase the minimum wage each year until reaching $15.00 in 2022 and tacking the minimum wage to inflation thereafter.[17]
    • Illinois: On February 19, 2019 Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker signed into law SB 1, which enacted a gradual increase in the state minimum wage until it reaches $15 by 2025. The first increase went into effect on January 1, 2020. The minimum wage increased from $8.25 to $9.25 per hour. A second increase will take effect July 1, 2020.[18]
    • Maryland: On March 28, 2019, the state legislature overruled Republican Governor Larry Hogan's veto to enact a law that would raise the state minimum wage to $15.00 per hour by 2025. The first increase went into effect on January 1, 2020. The minimum wage increased from $10.10 to $11.00 per hour.[19]
    • Massachusetts: The minimum wage in Massachusetts increased from $12.00 to $12.75 on January 1, 2020. In 2018, the Massachusetts State Legislature passed House Bill 4640 (HB 4640) as a compromise with the organization Raise Up Massachusetts to keep a citizen-initiated measure off the ballot. HB 4940 was set to increase the minimum wage each year until reaching $15.00 in 2023 but did not tack the minimum wage to inflation thereafter. The ballot initiative would have increased the minimum wage to $15.00 in 2022 and tacked the minimum wage to inflation thereafter.[20]
    • Michigan: In 2018, the campaign One Fair Wage Michigan collected signatures for an indirect initiative to increase the minimum wage between 60 and 75 cents each year until reaching $12.00 in 2022 and index the wage to inflation beginning in 2023. The initiative was designed to increase the minimum wage from $9.25 to $10.00 in 2019. The Michigan State Legislature approved the indirect initiative on September 5, 2018, keeping the measure off the ballot. On December 4, 2018, the state legislature amended the initiative to increase the minimum wage to $12.05 in 2030. Under the state Legislature's proposal, the minimum wage would increase from $9.45 to $9.65—a $0.20 increase—on January 1, 2020. Gov. Rick Snyder (R) signed the bill on December 13, 2018.[21]
    • Minnesota: On January 1, 2020, Minnesota's minimum wage increased from $9.86 to $10.00 for large companies and $8.04 to $8.15 for small companies, as defined in state law. Passed in 2014, the state's law increased the minimum wage to $9.50 in 2017 and indexed increases to annual changes in inflation.[22]
    • New Jersey: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in New Jersey increased from $10 to $11. In February 2019, New Jersey passed a bill (A15) that raises the state minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2024. Before the new law, Question 2, a legislative referral approved in 2013, increased the minimum wage to $8.25 in 2014 and indexed the wage to inflation beginning in 2015.[23][24]
    • New Mexico: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in New Mexico increased from $7.50 to $9.00. Passed on April 1, 2019, the state law increased the minimum wage to $12.00 by 2023. The law did not tie the wage to inflation.[25]
    • Vermont: On January 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Vermont increased from $10.78 to $10.96. In 2014, Vermont passed Act 176, which raised the minimum wage to $10.50 in 2018 and tied it to inflation. Each year the minimum wage increases by either the rate of inflation or by 5%, whichever is lower.[26][27]

    Effective July 1, 2020

    Four of the wage increases were scheduled for July 1, 2020, in the following states and D.C.:

    Bills

    • Illinois: On February 19, 2019 Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker signed into law SB 1, which enacted a gradual increase in the state minimum wage until it reaches $15 by 2025. The first increase went into effect on January 1, 2020. A second increase will take effect on July 1 ,2020, which will increased the minimum wage from $9.25 to $10.00.[28]
    • Nevada: On June 12, 2019, Nevada Governor Steve Sisolak signed into law Assembly Bill 456, which gradually increases the state's minimum wage to $12 by 2024. On July 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Nevada increased from $8.25 to $9.00 for employees who receive health benefits and from $7.25 to $8.00 for employees who do not receive health benefits. The minimum wage will increase by 0.75 cents every year until 2024.[29]
    • Oregon: On July 1, 2020 the minimum wage increased in Oregon. Passed in 2016, the legislation for the state's minimum wage divided the state into three regions. In metropolitan Portland, the minimum wage increased from $12.50 to $13.25. In the counties classified as standard, the minimum wage increased from $11.25 to $12.00. In the counties classified as nonurban, the minimum wage increased from $11.00 to $11.50. To read more about Oregon's regional minimum wages, see the regional minimum wages section below.[30]
    • Washington, D.C.: On July 1, 2020, the minimum wage in Washington, D.C., increased from $14.00 to $15.00. In 2016, the D.C. Council approved an ordinance to increase the city's minimum wage each year until reaching $15.00 in 2020 and indexing the wage to inflation beginning in 2021. In June 2018, voters approved a ballot initiative increasing the minimum wage for tipped employees to match the city's standard minimum wage. However, the D.C. Council repealed the voter-approved initiative in October 2018.[31]

    Effective September 1, 2020

    One of the wage increases was scheduled for September 1, 2020, in the following states:

    • Connecticut: On May 28, 2019, Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont signed into law a gradual increase to the state minimum wage, which would reach $15.00 by 2023 and then adjust the rate by the U.S. Department of Labor's employment cost index thereafter. On September 1, 2020, Connecticut's minimum wage will increase from $11.00 to $12.00 per hour.[32]

    States with regional minimum wages

    In 2016, both New York and Oregon passed laws increasing state minimum wages. Both states divided counties between three different categories and gave them each a different minimum wage rate.

    New York

    In New York, the minimum wage varied between counties classified as New York City, Long Island and Westchester, and upstate. On December 31, 2019, the minimum wage in the five counties composing New York City increased from $13.50 to $15.00 for employers who were not required to increase the minimum wage to $15.00 the prior year. The minimum wage in the three counties composing Long Island and Westchester increased from $12.00 to $13.00. The minimum wage in the 54 counties composing upstate New York increased from $11.10 to $11.80.[5]

    Oregon

    In Oregon, the minimum wage varied between counties classified as metropolitan Portland, standard, and nonurban. On July 1, 2020, the minimum wage in portions of the three counties classied as the metropolitan Portland urban growth area increased from $12.50 to $13.25. The minimum wage increased in the 15 counties classified as standard from $11.25 to $12.00. The minimum wage increased in the 18 counties classified as nonurban from $11.00 to $11.50.[33]

    Recent and proposed ballot measures

    2020 measures

    Approveda
    Minimum wage measures proposed for 2018 ballots
    StateMeasuresStatus
    FloridaFlorida Amendment 2, $15 Minimum Wage Initiative Approved

    2018 measures

    Minimum wage measures proposed for 2018 ballots
    StateMeasuresStatus
    MissouriMissouri Proposition B: $12 Minimum Wage InitiativeApproved Approveda
    ArkansasArkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase InitiativeApproved Approveda

    2016 measures

    Minimum wage measures proposed for 2016 ballots
    StateMeasuresStatus
    ArizonaArizona Minimum Wage and Paid Time Off, Proposition 206Approved Approveda
    South DakotaSouth Dakota Decreased Youth Minimum Wage Veto Referendum, Referred Law 20Defeated Defeatedd
    WashingtonWashington Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 1433Approved Approveda
    ColoradoColorado $12 Minimum Wage, Amendment 70Approved Approveda

    The history of minimum wage ballot measures

    See also: Minimum wage on the ballot

    From 1996 to 2022, there were 28 minimum wage increase measures on the ballot. Voters approved 26 (92.86%) and rejected two (7.14%).[34]

    As of 2022, the last time that voters rejected a minimum wage increase measure was in 1996, when measures were defeated in Missouri and Montana.

    The following chart shows election outcomes for minimum wage increase ballot measures from 1996 to 2022.

    Measures to increase state minimum wages (1996-2022)
    Year State Measure Wage Type Yes votes (%) No votes (%) Outcome
    2022 Nebraska Nebraska Initiative 433 $15.00 (2026) Initiative 58.66% 41.34% Approveda
    2022 Nevada Amendment 2 $12.00 (2024) Referral 55.18% 44.82% Approveda
    2020 Florida Amendment 2 $15.00 (2026) Initiative 60.82% 39.18% Approveda
    2018 Arkansas Issue 5 $11.00 (2021) Initiative 68.46% 31.54% Approveda
    2018 Missouri Proposition B $12.00 (2023) Initiative 62.34% 37.66% Approveda
    2016 Arizona Proposition 206 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 58.33% 41.67% Approveda
    2016 Colorado Amendment 70 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 55.36% 44.64% Approveda
    2016 Maine Question 4 $12.00 (2020) Initiative 55.50% 44.50% Approveda
    2016 Washington Initiative 1433 $13.50 (2020) Initiative 57.42% 42.58% Approveda
    2014 Alaska Measure 3 $9.75 (2016) Initiative 69.35% 30.65% Approveda
    2014 Arkansas Issue 5 $8.50 (2017) Initiative 65.94% 34.06% Approveda
    2014 Nebraska Initiative 425 $9.00 (2016) Initiative 59.47% 40.53% Approveda
    2014 South Dakota Measure 18 $8.50 (2015) Initiative 55.05% 44.95% Approveda
    2013 New Jerseu Question 2 $8.25 (2014) Referral 61.26% 38.74% Approveda
    2006 Arizona Proposition 2022 $6.75 (2007) Initiative 65.37% 34.63% Approveda
    2006 Colorado Initiative 42 $6.85 (2007) Initiative 53.30% 46.70% Approveda
    2006 Missouri Proposition B $6.50 (2007) Initiative 75.94% 24.06% Approveda
    2006 Montana I-151 $6.50 (2007) Initiative 72.69% 27.31% Approveda
    2006 Nevada Question 6 $6.15 (2006)[35] Initiative 68.71% 31.29% Approveda
    2006 Ohio Amendment 2 $6.85 (2007) Initiative 56.65% 43.35% Approveda
    2004 Florida Amendment 5 $6.15 (2005) Initiative 71.25% 28.75% Approveda
    2004 Nevada Question 6 $6.15 (2006)[35] Initiative 68.4% 31.6% Approveda
    2002 Oregon Measure 25 $6.90 (2003) Initiative 51.3% 48.7% Approveda
    1998 Washington Initiative 688 $6.50 (2000) Initiative 66.1% 33.9% Approveda
    1996 California Proposition 210 $5.75 (1998) Initiative 61.45% 38.55% Approveda
    1996 Missouri Proposition A $6.75 (1999)[36] Initiative 28.70% 71.30% Defeatedd
    1996 Montana I-121 $6.25 (2000) Initiative 43.53% 56.47% Defeatedd
    1996 Oregon Measure 36 $6.50 (1999) Initiative 56.85% 43.15% Approveda

    See also


    Additional reading

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Illinois.gov, "Gov. Pritzker Signs Historic Minimum Wage Legislation Giving 1.4 Million Illinoisans a Raise," February 19, 2019
    2. ↑ U.S. News, "New Mexico Adopts First Minimum Wage Increase in a Decade," April 1, 2019
    3. ↑ The Office of Governor Ned Lamont, "Governor Lamont Signs Minimum Wage Increase," May 28, 2019
    4. ↑ Review-Journal, "Sisolak signs bill raising minimum wage to $12 an hour in Nevada," June 12, 2019
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 New York, "Governor Cuomo Announces $15 Minimum Wage Phase-In to Continue in 2020 Following DOB Analysis Showing Ongoing Economic Strength," December 5, 2019 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ny" defined multiple times with different content
    6. ↑ Alaska Division of Labor Standards and Saftey, "Alaska’s minimum wage set at $10.19 for 2020," accessed December 9, 2019
    7. ↑ Arizona Industrial Commission, "Labor Department - Minimum Wage," accessed December 6, 2018
    8. ↑ Arkansas Democrat Gazette, "Voters favor effort to raise minimum pay in Arkansas," November 7, 2018
    9. ↑ Colorado Department of Labor, "Minimum Wage," accessed December 6, 2018
    10. ↑ Natural Law Review, "The Year 2020 Will Begin With an Increase to Florida’s Minimum Wage," October 22, 2019
    11. ↑ Maine Department of Labor, "New Minimum Wage Increases," December 6, 2018
    12. ↑ Springfield News-Leader, "When does the minimum wage go up in Missouri?" November 7, 2018
    13. ↑ KPAX, "Montana's minimum wage is scheduled to increase in January," October 1, 2019
    14. ↑ NFIB, "2020 Ohio Minimum Wage To Be $8.70 Per Hour," October 2, 2019
    15. ↑ KSFY News, "South Dakota minimum wage to increase in 2020," October 10, 2019
    16. ↑ Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, "History of Washington Minimum Wage," accessed December 6, 2018
    17. ↑ USA Today, "California reaches deal on $15 minimum wage," March 28, 2018
    18. ↑ Illinois.gov, "Gov. Pritzker Signs Historic Minimum Wage Legislation Giving 1.4 Million Illinoisans a Raise," February 19, 2019
    19. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland's minimum wage increase, explained," March 29, 2019
    20. ↑ Boston.com, "What you need to know about the ‘grand bargain’ that Charlie Baker just signed into law," June 28, 2018
    21. ↑ Michigan State Legislature, "Senate Bill 1171," accessed December 5, 2018
    22. ↑ Twin Cities Pioneer Press, "Minnesota sets new minimum wage for 2019," August 23, 2018
    23. ↑ U.S. News, "NJ Minimum Wage Going up 25 Cents in 2019 to $8.85," October 12, 2018
    24. ↑ State of New Jersey, "Governor Murphy Signs Landmark Legislation Raising Minimum Wage to $15 Per Hour," February 4, 2019
    25. ↑ U.S. News, "New Mexico Adopts First Minimum Wage Increase in a Decade," April 1, 2019
    26. ↑ Washington Post, "Vermont minimum wage will rise to $10.50 an hour," June 10, 2014
    27. ↑ Vermont Department of Labor, "Vermont's Minimum Wage To Increase Slightly In 2020," October 7, 2019
    28. ↑ Illinois.gov, "Gov. Pritzker Signs Historic Minimum Wage Legislation Giving 1.4 Million Illinoisans a Raise," February 19, 2019
    29. ↑ Review-Journal, "Sisolak signs bill raising minimum wage to $12 an hour in Nevada," June 12, 2019
    30. ↑ Oregon, "Minimum Wage," accessed December 11, 2019
    31. ↑ District of Columbia, "D.C. Minimum Wage," accessed December 6, 2018
    32. ↑ The Office of Governor Ned Lamont, "Governor Lamont Signs Minimum Wage Increase," May 28, 2019
    33. ↑ Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries, "Oregon Minimum Wage Rate Summary," accessed December 3, 2019
    34. ↑ Note: In 2014, voters approved an advisory question on increasing the minimum wage in Illinois. As this question was nonbinding, the measure is not counted here.
    35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Question 6 provided that employers to compensate employees $5.15 per hour when the employer provides health benefits or $6.15 per hour when the employer does not provide health benefits.
    36. ↑ Proposition A would have also added 15 cents to the minimum wage each year beginning in 2000.
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