Louisiana State Senate

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Louisiana State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:   March 11, 2024
Session end:   June 3, 2024
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   3 terms (12 years)
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $16,800/year + per diem
Members
Total:  39
Democrats:  12
Republicans:  27
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Patrick Cortez (R)
Maj. Leader:   Sharon Hewitt (R)
Min. Leader:   Gerald Boudreaux (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 18, 2023
Next election:  November 20, 2027

The Louisiana State Senate is the upper chamber of the Louisiana State Legislature. Alongside the Louisiana House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Louisiana state government and works alongside the governor of Louisiana to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Louisiana State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Louisiana State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

  • All 39 seats in the Louisiana State Senate were up for election in 2023.
  • All 39 seats in the state Senate were up for election in 2019. Republicans increased their majority from 25-14 to 27-12, and in doing so gained a supermajority. Click to read more »

  • Louisiana has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor, while the Republican Party controls both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Louisiana State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Louisiana State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 12
         Republican Party 27
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 39

    Members

    Leadership

    The president and president pro tempore of the Senate are elected by the full body, needing at least 20 votes for confirmation. The president is the presiding officer of the body. Duties of the president include preserving order, calling votes, appointing and removing members of each Senate and conference committee, and approving all expenditures of the Senate. In the absence of the president, the president pro tempore assumes all duties of the position.[1]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Louisiana State Senate District 1 Sharon Hewitt Republican January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 2 Ed Price Democratic June 16, 2017
    Louisiana State Senate District 3 Joseph Bouie Democratic January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 4 Jimmy Harris Democratic January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 5 Royce Duplessis Democratic December 6, 2022
    Louisiana State Senate District 6 Mack White Jr. Republican 2012
    Louisiana State Senate District 7 Gary Carter Jr. Democratic July 2, 2021
    Louisiana State Senate District 8 Patrick Connick Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 9 Cameron Henry Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 10 Kirk Talbot Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 11 Patrick McMath Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 12 Beth Mizell Republican January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 13 J. Rogers Pope Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 14 Cleo Fields Democratic January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 15 Regina Ashford Barrow Democratic January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 16 Franklin Foil Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 17 Caleb Kleinpeter Republican December 6, 2022
    Louisiana State Senate District 18 Eddie Lambert Republican January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 19 Gary Smith Jr. Democratic 2012
    Louisiana State Senate District 20 Michael Fesi Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 21 R.L. Allain II Republican 2012
    Louisiana State Senate District 22 Fred Mills Jr. Republican 2011
    Louisiana State Senate District 23 Patrick Cortez Republican 2012
    Louisiana State Senate District 24 Gerald Boudreaux Democratic January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 25 Mark Abraham Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 26 Bob Hensgens Republican December 10, 2018
    Louisiana State Senate District 27 Jeremy Stine Republican December 3, 2021
    Louisiana State Senate District 28 Heather Cloud Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 29 Jay Luneau Democratic January 11, 2016
    Louisiana State Senate District 30 Mike Reese Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 31 Louie Bernard Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 32 Glen Womack Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 33 Stewart Cathey Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 34 Katrina Jackson Democratic January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 35 Jay Morris Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 36 Robert Mills Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 37 Barrow Peacock Republican 2012
    Louisiana State Senate District 38 Barry Milligan Republican January 13, 2020
    Louisiana State Senate District 39 Gregory Tarver Democratic 2012


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $16,800/year$175/day.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Louisiana legislators assume office at noon on the second Monday in January after their election.[2][3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    According to Article III, Section 4, of the Louisiana Constitution, candidates must meet the following qualifications in order to run for the state legislature:

    “ All candidates shall be qualified electors ... By the date of qualification, the candidate shall have attained the age of 18 years, resided in Louisiana for the preceding 2 years, and been actually domiciled for the preceding year in the legislative district from which the candidate seeks election. At the next regular election for members of the legislature following legislative reapportionment, an elector may qualify as a candidate from any district created in whole or in part from a district existing prior to reapportionment if he was domiciled in that prior district for at least 1 year immediately preceding his qualification and was a resident of Louisiana for the 2 years preceding his qualification.[4][5] ”

    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Louisiana State Senate in 2011. In 2019, they won a 27-12 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Louisiana Senate following every general election from 1991 to 2019. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Louisiana State Senate election results: 1991-2019

    Party 91 95 99 03 07 11 15 19
    Democrats 33 25 27 24 24 15 14 12
    Republicans 6 14 12 15 15 24 25 27

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Louisiana was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-1995, 2004-2007
    • Republican trifecta: 2011-2015
    • Divided government: 1996-2003, 2008-2010, 2016-2023

    Louisiana Party Control: 1992-2024
    Eight years of Democratic trifectas  •  Six years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Louisiana state senators serve four-year terms, with all seats up for election every four years. Louisiana holds elections for its legislature in odd years.

    Louisiana holds October primaries in which candidates of all party affiliations face off, rather than deciding party nominees through separate primaries. Should a candidate finish with a majority of the primary vote, he or she is considered elected; otherwise, a runoff between the top two finishers is held in November. Louisiana is also one of only four states that hold state elections in odd-numbered years. Former Clerk of the Louisiana House Alfred "Butch" Speer was quoted as explaining:

    “ For scores of years we conducted our party primaries in the winter of the odd numbered years, with any necessary 2nd primary held in January. Because Republican voter registration was so miniscule from 1877 until 1980, the general elections were mere irritants to the Democrat primary victor. Once we scrapped the partisan primary system [1975] we set the entire system up to run in the fall of the odd numbered year, our traditional election season.[6][5] ”

    2023

    See also: Louisiana State Senate elections, 2023

    Elections for the Louisiana State Senate took place in 2023. The general election was November 18, 2023. A primary was October 14, 2023. The filing deadline was August 10, 2023.

    2019

    See also: Louisiana State Senate elections, 2019

    Elections for the Louisiana State Senate took place in 2019. The primary was on October 12, 2019, and the general election was on November 16. The filing deadline for candidates was August 8, 2019.

    Louisiana State Senate
    Party As of November 16, 2019 After November 17, 2019
         Democratic Party 14 12
         Republican Party 25 27
    Total 39 39

    2015

    See also: Louisiana State Senate elections, 2015

    Elections for the Louisiana State Senate took place in 2015. A primary election was held on October 24, 2015, with a general election held in districts where necessary on November 21, 2015. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was September 10, 2015, at 4:30 p.m. CDT.[7]
    Louisiana elections use the Louisiana majority-vote system. All candidates compete in the same primary, and a candidate can win the election outright by receiving more than 50% of the vote. If no candidate does, the top two vote recipients from the primary advance to the general election, regardless of their partisan affiliation.

    For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-13 majority. Republicans lost one seat in the election, giving them a 25-14 majority.

    Louisiana State Senate
    Party As of November 21, 2015 After November 21, 2015
         Democratic Party 13 14
         Republican Party 26 25
    Total 39 39

    Term limits

    See also: State legislatures with term limits

    The Louisiana legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. It has been a term-limited state legislature since Louisiana voters approved Amendment 2 in 1995, as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment. The first year that the term limits enacted in 1995 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was 2007. Under Louisiana's term limits, state senators can serve no more than three four-year terms.[12]

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Louisiana State Legislature, the vacant seat must be filled by a special election. An election is required if there are six months or more left in the unexpired term. The presiding officer in the house where the vacancy happened must call for an election no later than 10 days after the vacancy occurred. The presiding officer must determine the dates for the election along with all filing deadlines. The person elected to the seat serves for the remainder of the unexpired term.[13]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Louisiana Rev. Stat. Ann. § 18:601

    District map

    See also: Louisiana state legislative districts

    The state of Louisiana has 144 legislative districts. Each district elects one representative. The state Senate has 39 districts and the state House has 105 districts.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Louisiana

    In Louisiana, both congressional and state legislative districts are drawn by the state legislature. These lines are subject to veto by the governor. In the event that the legislature is unable to approve state legislative district boundaries, the state supreme court must draw the lines. There is no such practice that applies to congressional districts.[14]

    The state legislature has adopted guidelines for redistricting. These guidelines suggest that both congressional and state legislative districts be contiguous and "respect recognized political boundaries and the natural geography of the state to the extent practicable." These guidelines are non-binding; as such, the legislature may alter them at its discretion.[14]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Louisiana after the 2020 census

    The legislative maps that both chambers passed during a special legislative session in February 2022 became law 20 days after their passage as Gov. John Bel Edwards (D) neither signed not vetoed the redistricting plans. The legislative redistricting plan passed the state Senate, 25-11, with all votes in favor by Republicans and 10 Democrats and one Republican voting against. The state House of Representatives approved it by a 82-21 vote with 68 Republicans, 12 Democrats, and two independents voting in favor and 20 Democrats and one independent voting against.[15][16] After the legislature voted on the maps, Tyler Bridges wrote in The Advocate, "Without much fuss, the Republican-controlled Legislature...approved new district boundaries for the state House and Senate that would maintain GOP legislative dominance for the next decade."[17]

    Edwards announced on March 9, 2022, that he would not act on the legislative boundaries, releasing a statement that said, in part, "While neither the congressional or legislative maps passed by Louisiana’s Legislature do anything to increase the number of districts where minority voters can elect candidates of their choosing, I do not believe the Legislature has the ability to draw new state House and Senate maps during this upcoming legislative session without the process halting the important work of the state of Louisiana. At a time when we face unprecedented challenges, but have unprecedented opportunities to make historic investments in our future, the Legislature should be focused on the issues in the upcoming session and not concerned about what their own districts will look like in the 2023 elections."[18]

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    This map took effect for Louisiana’s 2023 legislative elections. Louisiana approved state Senate map Feb 18 2022.png

    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Louisiana after the 2010 census

    Redistricting work took place in a special session which began March 20, 2011.[19] House Speaker Jim Tucker (R) released his first draft of a House map, HB1, on Friday, March 18, 2011.[20] The House and Senate passed their respective redistricting bills on March 29, 2011.[21] The Department of Justice granted approval to the new House map on June 20, 2011, and approved the Senate map June 29, 2011.

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Louisiana State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Louisiana by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Louisiana legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on March 11, 2024, and adjourn on June 3, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Louisiana legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on April 10, 2023, and adjourn on June 8, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Louisiana

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[36] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article III of the Louisiana Constitution establishes when the Louisiana State Legislature, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 2 of Article III states that, in even-numbered years, the Legislature shall convene on the last Monday in March and meet for no more than sixty legislative days during a period of eighty-five calendar days. In odd-numbered years, the Legislature is to convene on the last Monday in April and meet for no more than forty-five legislative days during a period of sixty calendar days. During regular sessions in odd-numbered years, the Legislature can only consider measures regarding the state budget, revenues, and appropriations.

    Section 2 of Article III also allows the Legislature to be called into a special session by the Governor of Louisiana or by a majority of the members of each legislative house. During special sessions, the Legislature can only legislate on matters related to the proclaimed purposes of the session. Section 2 of Article III also authorizes the Governor of Louisiana to call an emergency session without prior notice in the event of a public emergency.[37]

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, term limits, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Louisiana are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 70 of the 105 members in the Louisiana House of Representatives and 26 of the 39 members in the Louisiana State Senate. Louisiana is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    According to Article III, Section 18 of the Louisiana Constitution, the legislature shall convene 40 days after the legislative session has ended to consider veto overrides for a period not to exceed five days. If a majority of members agree, the veto session can be cancelled.

    Authority: Article III, Section 18 of the Louisiana Constitution.

    "A bill vetoed and returned and subsequently approved by two-thirds of the elected members of each house shall become law. The legislature shall meet in veto session in the state capital at noon on the fortieth day following final adjournment of the most recent session, to consider all bills vetoed by the governor. "

    Role in state budget

    See also: Louisiana state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is:[38]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies by September 20.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests by November 15.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature 45 days before the legislature convenes. (Newly elected governors have until 30 days before the legislature convenes.)
    4. The legislature typically adopts a budget in June. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.[39] The fiscal year begins July 1.

    Louisiana is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[38]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature must pass a balanced budget.[38]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Louisiana state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Louisiana State Senate has 17 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Louisiana Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XIII of the Louisiana Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Louisiana

    The Louisiana Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution— a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Louisiana requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XII, the state Legislature can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot for voters to decide. A two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one session of the Louisiana State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 70 votes in the Louisiana House of Representatives and 26 votes in the Louisiana State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot. Amendments can be referred to the ballot in odd-numbered years and even-numbered years in Louisiana.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XII, the state legislature can provide for the calling of a constitutional convention by law enacted by two-thirds of the members of each chamber of the legislature.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Louisiana State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Louisiana State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Louisiana State Senate, "Rules of Order - Chapter 3: Officers," accessed February 10, 2021
    2. ↑ Louisiana Constitution, "Article 3, Section 5," accessed February 10, 2021
    3. ↑ Louisiana Constitution, "Article 4, Section 3," accessed February 10, 2021
    4. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "Qualifications of Candidates," accessed February 10, 2023
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    6. ↑ The Thicket, "Why do Four States Have Odd-Year Elections?" August 25, 2011
    7. ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, "2015 Elections," accessed January 2, 2015
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Louisiana 2011 Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Louisiana 2007 Candidates," accessed July 10, 2014
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Louisiana 2003 Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Louisiana 1999 Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    12. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Constitutional and Statutory Provisions for Term Limits," accessed February 10, 2021
    13. ↑ Louisiana Legislature, "Louisiana Election Code," accessed February 10, 2021 (Statute 18:601, Louisiana Statutes)
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 All About Redistricting, "Louisiana," accessed April 30, 2015
    15. ↑ Louisiana State Legislature, "2022 First Extraordinary Session - HB14," accessed February 24, 2022
    16. ↑ The Advocate. "Legislature ends redistricting session by passing new maps for state House and Senate, PSC and BESE," February 18, 2022
    17. ↑ The Advocate. "Legislature ends redistricting session by passing new maps for state House and Senate, PSC and BESE," February 18, 2022
    18. ↑ State of Louisiana, Office of the Governor, "Gov. Edwards Vetoes Proposed Congressional District Map, Announces Other Action on Newly Drawn District Maps," March 9, 2022
    19. ↑ Bayou Buzz, "Louisiana, States: Get Redistricting Out of Legislator's Jar," December 22, 2010 (dead link)
    20. ↑ New Orleans Times Picayune, "Redistricting plans set up battle lines in Legislature," March 18, 2011
    21. ↑ The Advocate, "Louisiana House approves redistricting plan," March 29, 2011
    22. ↑ WDSU, "Louisiana state legislature will temporarily adjourn due to COVID-19," March 16, 2020
    23. ↑ Bossier Press-Tribune, "Louisiana legislature meets briefly before suspending session again," March 31, 2020
    24. ↑ The Advocate, "75% in attendance and many without masks: Louisiana legislature reconvenes amid coronavirus," May 4, 2020
    25. ↑ Washington Times, "Edwards officially calls special session on budget, taxes," accessed February 8, 2016
    26. ↑ The Times-Picayune, "2015 Louisiana Legislature: What to expect from Bobby Jindal, lawmakers," April 11, 2015
    27. ↑ American Press, "How different will session be?" April 12, 2015
    28. ↑ Bossier Press-Tribune, "Jindal taps budget, education, relgious freedom as major 2015 session issues," April 13, 2015
    29. ↑ Gannett Louisiana, "Marijuana fight returning to Legislature this session," April 12, 2015
    30. ↑ Associated Press, "Jindal pushes worker training as legislative session opens," March 10, 2014
    31. ↑ American Press, "Education, lawsuit key issues," March 9, 2014
    32. ↑ wwltv.com, "A look at major issues at session's halfway point," April 24, 2013
    33. ↑ Louisiana House of Representatives, "2011 Regular Session Journals," accessed February 10, 2021
    34. ↑ Louisiana House of Representatives, "2011 1st Extraordinary Session Journals," accessed February 10, 2021
    35. ↑ Louisiana House of Representatives, "2010 Regular Session Journals," accessed February 10, 2021
    36. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed February 10, 2021
    37. ↑ Louisiana State Senate, "Constitution of Louisiana," accessed February 10, 2021
    38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    39. ↑ For budgets with one-time money, two-thirds of elected House members must approve for it to pass.
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