Florida State Senate

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Florida State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Republican
Session start:   January 9, 2024
Session end:   March 8, 2024
Term length:   2-4-4 year system
Term limits:   2 terms (8 years)
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $29,697/year + per diem
Members
Total:  40
Democrats:  12
Republicans:  28
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Kathleen Passidomo (R)
Maj. Leader:   Ben Albritton (R)
Min. Leader:   Lauren Book (D)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Florida State Senate is the upper chamber of the Florida State Legislature. Alongside the Florida House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Florida state government and works alongside the governor of Florida to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Florida State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Florida State Senate meets in the state capitol complex in Tallahassee, Florida.

  • All 40 seats in the Florida State Senate were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Republican majority increased from 23-16 with one vacancy to 28-12.

  • Florida has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Florida State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Florida State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 12
         Republican Party 28
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 40

    Members

    Leadership

    The president of the Senate is selected by the majority party caucus and then elected by the full membership of the Senate. The president pro tempore is selected by the president of the Senate and elected by the full membership of the Senate.[1][2]

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Florida State Senate District 1 Doug Broxson Republican November 8, 2016
    Florida State Senate District 2 Jay Trumbull Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 3 Corey Simon Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 4 Clay Yarborough Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 5 Tracie Davis Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 6 Jennifer Bradley Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 7 Travis Hutson Republican November 8, 2016
    Florida State Senate District 8 Tom Wright Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 9 Keith Perry Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 10 Jason Brodeur Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 11 Blaise Ingoglia Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 12 Colleen Burton Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 13 Dennis Baxley Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 14 Jay Collins Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 15 Geraldine Thompson Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 16 Darryl Rouson Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 17 Linda Stewart Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 18 Nick DiCeglie Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 19 Debbie Mayfield Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 20 Jim Boyd Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 21 Ed Hooper Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 22 Joe Gruters Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 23 Daniel Burgess Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 24 Bobby Powell Jr. Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 25 Victor Torres Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 26 Lori Berman Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 27 Ben Albritton Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 28 Kathleen Passidomo Republican November 8, 2016
    Florida State Senate District 29 Erin Grall Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 30 Tina Polsky Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 31 Gayle Harrell Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 32 Rosalind Osgood Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 33 Jonathan Allen Martin Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 34 Shevrin Jones Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 35 Lauren Book Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 36 Ileana Garcia Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 37 Jason Pizzo Democratic November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 38 Alexis Calatayud Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 39 Bryan Avila Republican November 8, 2022
    Florida State Senate District 40 Ana Maria Rodriguez Republican November 8, 2022


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $18,000/yearPer diem rates established by Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Florida legislators assume office on the day they are elected in the general election.

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article III, Section 15 of the Florida Constitution states: "Each legislator shall be at least twenty-one years of age, an elector and resident of the district from which elected and shall have resided in the state for a period of two years prior to election."[3]

    Historical party control

    Republicans won control of the Florida State Senate in 1994. In 2022, they won a 28-12 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Florida Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Florida State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 20* 19 17 15 15 14 14 14 14 12 14 14 15 17 16 12
    Republicans 20* 21 23 25 25 26 26 26 26 28 26 26 25 23 24 28
    *The two parties adopted a power-sharing agreement to accommodate the 20-20 tie in the chamber.

    Before 1992

    Democrats had controlled the Florida State Senate since the 1876 elections, which came in the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction.


    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Florida was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992
    • Republican trifecta: 1999-2009, 2011-2023
    • Divided government: 1993-1998, 2010

    Florida Party Control: 1992-2024
    One year of a Democratic trifecta  •  Twenty-five years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R I R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    Senate D S S R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
    House D D D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Florida state senators serve 2-4-4 terms, where senators serve one two-year term and two four-year terms each decade. Florida holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Florida State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 20, 2024. The filing deadline is June 14, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 23, 2022. The filing deadline was June 17, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 23-16 with one vacancy to 28-12.

    Florida State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 16 12
         Republican Party 23 28
         Vacancy 1 0
    Total 40 40

    2020

    See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Florida State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 12, 2020.

    In the 2020 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 23-17 to 24-16.

    Florida State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 17 16
         Republican Party 23 24
    Total 40 40

    2018

    See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on August 28, 2018.[4] The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was June 22, 2018.[5]

    In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Florida State Senate from 22-16 to 23-17.

    Florida State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 16 17
         Republican Party 22 23
         Vacancy 2 0
    Total 40 40

    2016

    See also: Florida State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Florida State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 30, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 24, 2016. Following a court-ordered redrawing of the state Senate map in 2015, all 40 seats were up for election in 2016.

    Heading into the election, Republicans held a 26-14 majority. Republicans lost one seat in the election, giving them a 25-15 majority.

    Florida State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 14 15
         Republican Party 26 25
    Total 40 40

    Term limits

    See also: State legislatures with term limits

    The Florida legislature is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. Voters enacted the Florida Term Limits Act in 1992. That initiative said that Florida senators are subject to term limits of no more than two four-year terms.

    The first year that the term limits enacted in 1992 impacted the ability of incumbents to run for office was in 2000.[12]

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Florida State Legislature, a special election must be called to fill the vacant seat.[13] The governor is responsible for calling the election and must consult with the secretary of state to set the election dates and nominating deadlines.[14] The person elected to fill the seat serves for the remainder of the unexpired term.[15]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Florida Stat. § 100.101

    District map

    See also: Florida state legislative districts

    The state of Florida has 40 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Florida

    In Florida, both congressional and state legislative district lines are drawn by the state legislature. Congressional lines are adopted as regular legislation and are subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative lines are passed via joint resolution and are not subject to gubernatorial veto. State legislative district maps are automatically submitted to the Florida Supreme Court for approval. In the event that the court rejects the lines, the legislature is given a second chance to draft a plan. If the legislature cannot approve a state legislative redistricting plan, the state attorney general must ask the state supreme court to draft a plan. There are no similar procedures in place for congressional districts.[16]

    The Florida Constitution requires that all districts, whether congressional or state legislative, be contiguous. Also, "where doing so does not conflict with minority rights, [districts] must be compact and utilize existing political and geographical boundaries where feasible." Districts cannot be drawn in such a way as to "favor or disfavor a political party or incumbent."[16][17]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Florida after the 2020 census

    On March 3, 2022, the Florida Supreme Court approved new legislative maps drawn by the Florida State Legislature. These maps took effect for Florida's 2022 legislative elections.

    The maps were passed by the legislature as a joint resolution. The Florida State Senate voted 34-3 to approve the bill on January 20, and the Florida House of Representatives voted 77-39 to approve the bill on February 2.[18] Since the maps were passed as a joint resolution, they did not require the signature of Gov. Ron DeSantis (R) to become law. After the legislature approved the maps, they submitted them to Attorney General Ashley B. Moody (R), who then petitioned the Florida Supreme Court to review the maps on February 9.[19][20]

    District map after 2020 redistricting

    Click here to view the map. This map took effect for Florida's 2022 legislative elections.


    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Florida after the 2010 census

    Florida received its 2010 local census data on March 16, 2011. The state population increased by 2.8 million residents, or 17.6 percent.[21] The 2010 redistricting process was impacted by Amendment 5, passed by voters in 2010, which established that legislative district boundaries had to be drawn so that they used city, county, and geographical boundaries, and were as equal in population as possible.[22]

    The Senate redistricting committee approved a proposed map on January 11, which ultimately received final approval from the Florida State Legislature on February 9. The legislative maps were approved 80-37 in the House and 31-7 in the Senate, moving to the Florida Supreme Court for approval.[23] On March 10, the Florida Supreme Court issued a 234-page decision rejecting the state’s new Senate maps, while upholding the new House districts and providing an interpretation of the state's 2010 redistricting reform amendment. The Court found that eight districts had been drawn to favor incumbents and thus violated the state's legislative redistricting amendment. In addition, the court found that districts had been renumbered in order to allow select incumbents to serve longer terms.[24] The Legislature modified 24 districts on the map and sent it back to the Court, who approved it on April 27. Three days later it was approved by the U.S. Department of Justice.[25][26]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Florida State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Florida by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Florida legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 9, 2024, and adjourn on March 8, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Florida legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on March 7, 2023, and adjourn on May 5, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Florida

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[36] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article III of the Florida Constitution establishes when the Legislature is to be in session. Section 3 of Article III states that the regular session of the Legislature is to convene on the second Tuesday after the first Monday in March of each odd-numbered year and on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of each even-numbered year. Regular sessions of the Legislature are not to exceed sixty days, unless extended by a three-fifths vote of each house.

    Section 3 also allows for the convening of special sessions, either by the proclamation of the governor of Florida or as otherwise provided by law.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, term limits, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Republican Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Florida are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members present in both chambers.

    Two-thirds of members present in both chambers must vote to override a veto. If all members are in attendance, this is 80 of the 120 members in the Florida House of Representatives and 27 of the 40 members in the Florida State Senate. Florida is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    Vetoes can be overridden in a special session or when the next regular session convenes.[37][38] Three-fifths of members or the presiding officers of both legislative chambers must agree to call for a special session.[39]

    Authority: Article III, Section 8 of the Florida Constitution.

    "If each house shall, by a two-thirds vote, re-enact the bill or reinstate the vetoed specific appropriation of a general appropriation bill, the vote of each member voting shall be entered on the respective journals, and the bill shall become law or the specific appropriation reinstated, the veto notwithstanding."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Florida state budget and finances
    Florida on Public Policy Logo-one line-on Ballotpedia.png
    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[40]

    1. In June or July, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
    2. In September or October, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
    3. Budget hearings are held with the public from October through February.
    4. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature 30 days before the legislature convenes.
    5. The legislature adopts a budget in March, April, or May, effective for the fiscal year beginning in July. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.

    The governor is statutorily required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and any budget signed into law by the governor must be balanced.[40]

    Florida is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[40]

    Florida budgets three major funds: the General Fund, the Major Special Revenue Fund, and the Special Revenue Fund. Both the Major Special Revenue Fund and the Special Revenue Fund are composed of lesser funds. The Major Special Revenue Fund is composed of three lesser funds, and the Special Revenue Fund is composed of about 19 to 20 lesser funds.[41]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Florida state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Florida State Senate has 19 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Florida Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XI of the Florida Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Florida

    The Florida Constitution provides five mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, a state constitutional convention process, and a commission-referral process with two commissions that have the power to refer amendments. Florida requires 60% supermajority vote for voters to approve constitutional amendments.

    Article XI of the Florida Constitution provides for amendments to the constitution.

    Initiative

    See also: Initiated constitutional amendment

    An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. There are 18 states that allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

    In Florida, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 8% of the votes cast in the last presidential election. Proponents must obtain signatures equaling at least 8% of the district-wide vote in the most recent presidential election in at least half (14) of the state's 27 congressional districts. A 60% vote is required for voter approval.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Florida State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 51 votes in the Florida House of Representatives and 18 votes in the Florida State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot. Amendments on the ballot must be approved by 60% of voters to pass.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Section 4 of Article XI of the Florida Constitution, a constitutional convention can be called through an initiative petition. Proponents must collect signatures equal to 15% of the total number of votes cast in the last presidential election.

    Commission-referred constitutional amendments

    See also: Commission-referred ballot measure

    According to Article XI of the Florida Constitution, the Florida Constitution Revision Commission can refer constitutional amendments to the ballot. The Constitution Revision Commission convenes every 20 years, beginning in 1977. The Florida Taxation and Budget Reform Commission is also empowered to refer constitutional amendments related to taxation and the state budget to the ballot. The Taxation and Budget Reform Commission convenes every 20 years beginning in 2007. Florida is the only state with commissions empowered to refer constitutional amendments to the ballot.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Florida 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
    Florida Partisan School Board Elections AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 24Yes votes: 29 (72.50%)No votes: 11 (27.50%)Yes: 1; No: 11Yes: 28; No: 0
    House:Required: 72Yes votes: 79 (66.38%)No votes: 34 (28.57%)Yes: 0; No: 34Yes: 79; No: 0
    Florida Right to Hunt and Fish AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 24Yes votes: 38 (95.00%)No votes: 1 (2.50%)Yes: 10; No: 1Yes: 28; No: 0
    House:Required: 72Yes votes: 116 (97.47%)No votes: 0 (0.00%)Yes: 35; No: 0Yes: 81; No: 0


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Florida State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Florida State Senate, "Senate Glossary," accessed February 11, 2021
    2. ↑ Florida State Senate, "Offices," accessed February 11, 2021
    3. ↑ The Florida Senate, "Constitution of the State of Florida," accessed February 10, 2023
    4. ↑ Florida Department of State, "Election Dates," accessed July 21, 2017
    5. ↑ Florida Department of State, "Qualifying Information," accessed July 21, 2017
    6. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida Senate 2010 Campaign Contributions," accessed April 23, 2015
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2008 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2006 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2004 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2002 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "Florida 2000 Candidates," accessed July 12, 2013
    12. ↑ Florida State Legisature, "Florida Constitution," accessed February 11. 2021
    13. ↑ Florida Legislature, "2013 Florida Statutes," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 100.101(2), Florida Election Code)
    14. ↑ Florida Legislature, "2013 Florida Statutes," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 100.141 (1) (2), Florida Election Code)
    15. ↑ Florida Legislature, "2013 Florida Statutes," accessed May 22, 2014 (Statute 100.111 (1) (a-c), Florida Election Code)
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 All About Redistricting, "Florida," accessed April 22, 2015
    17. ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article III, Sections 20-21," accessed April 22, 2015
    18. ↑ Florida State Senate, "CS/SJR 100: Joint Resolution of Apportionment," accessed March 3, 2022
    19. ↑ Florida Politics, "Florida Legislature approves redistricting maps for Senate and House," February 3, 2022
    20. ↑ Florida Politics, "Ashley Moody petitions court on legislative maps as congressional redistricting continues to pitter," February 9, 2022
    21. ↑ Naples News, "Florida picks up 2 congressional seats, 2010 Census shows," December 21, 2010
    22. ↑ The Daily Loaf, "Fair Districts Florida makes it on 2010 ballot," January 22, 2010
    23. ↑ CBS Miami, "Florida House Approves New Senate Redistricting Plan," accessed April 22, 2015
    24. ↑ WJHJ, "Florida Supreme Court Justices Reject Senate Redistricting Plan," March 9, 2012
    25. ↑ Orlando Sentinel, "State congressional, legislative districts approved by Justice Department," April 30, 2012
    26. ↑ local10.com, "Florida redistricting plans get final passage," accessed April 22, 2015
    27. ↑ WFTV, "Florida Legislature announces 19-day special session," October 6, 2015
    28. ↑ Fort Myers News-Press, "SWFL front and center come 2015 legislative session," January 28, 2015
    29. ↑ gainesville.com, "Big issues loom in next legislative session," September 22, 2013
    30. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Florida Legislature 2014: What passed and what failed," May 3, 2014
    31. ↑ news-press.com, "State workers forgotten again in Florida budget," May 3, 2014
    32. ↑ bradenton.com, "Fla. legislators reach deal on spending items," April 28, 2014(Archived)
    33. ↑ Yahoo.com, "Florida legislature passes bill restricting drone use," April 17, 2013(Archived)
    34. ↑ boardroombrief.com, "Florida Legislature – 2013 session overview," May 17, 2013
    35. ↑ Stateline.org, "States balance budgets with cuts, not taxes," June 15, 2011(Archived)
    36. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    37. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
    38. ↑ The Orlando Sentinel "Gov. Rick Scott's veto power: Tallahassee takeaways," May 18, 2017
    39. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," May 6, 2009
    40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    41. ↑ State Budget Solutions, "Florida: Background," accessed January 14, 2021
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    Tallahassee (capital)
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