Election administration in Arkansas

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Election Information
Voter registration
Early voting
Absentee/mail-in voting
All-mail voting
Voter ID laws
State poll opening and closing times

Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker
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Select a state from the menu below to learn more about its election administration.

Election administration encompasses a state's voting policies and methods of enforcing them. These include voter identification requirements, early and absentee voting provisions, voter list maintenance methods, and more. Each state's voting policies dictate who can vote and under what conditions.

THE BASICS
  • Arkansas does not permit online voter registration.
  • Arkansas permits early voting.
  • Arkansas requires an excuse for absentee voting.
  • In Arkansas, polls are open from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
  • Arkansas requires photo identification to vote.
  • Arkansas holds open primary elections.
  • Arkansas has tools for verifying voter registration and checking the status of absentee ballots.

  • Below, you will find details on the following election administration topics in Arkansas:

    Poll times

    See also: State poll opening and closing times

    In Arkansas, all polls are open from 7:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. on Election Day. An individual who is in line at the time polls close must be allowed to vote.[2]


    Voter registration

    Check your voter registration status here.

    To vote in Arkansas, one must be a citizen of the United States and a resident of Arkansas. A voter must be 18 years of age or older on or before Election Day.[3]

    Registration must be completed no later than 30 days before the election in which a voter wishes to participate. Citizens must complete and submit a voter registration application to their county clerk or other authorized voter registration agency. Applications may be obtained at the following locations:[3]

    • County clerk's office
    • The Arkansas Secretary of State Elections Division:
    • Local revenue or DMV office
    • Public library
    • Public assistance agency
    • Disability agency
    • Military recruitment office
    • Voter registration drive
    • Online

    Automatic registration

    Arkansas does not practice automatic voter registration.

    Online registration

    See also: Online voter registration

    Arkansas does not permit online voter registration.

    Same-day registration

    Arkansas does not allow same-day voter registration.

    Residency requirements

    Arkansas law requires 30 days of residency in the state before a person may vote.

    Verification of citizenship

    See also: Laws permitting noncitizens to vote in the United States

    Arkansas does not require proof of citizenship for voter registration.

    Verifying your registration

    The site Voter View, run by the Arkansas Secretary of State's office, allows residents to check their voter registration status online.


    Early and absentee voting policy

    Early voting

    See also: Early voting

    Arkansas permits early voting. Learn more by visiting this website.

    Absentee voting

    See also: Absentee voting

    Arkansas voters are eligible to vote absentee in an election if they cannot make it to the polls on Election Day for one of the following reasons:[4]

    • The voter will be "unavoidably absent" from his or her polling location on Election Day.
    • The voter is physically unable to visit his or her polling location on Election Day due to illness or disability.
    • The voter is a member of the armed forces.
    • The voter is a citizen temporarily living outside of the United States.

    To vote absentee, a request must be received by elections officials either seven days prior to the election (if submitted by mail or fax) or the day before the election (if submitted in person). The absentee ballot must then be returned either in person by close of business the Friday before the election or by mail. If returned by mail, the ballot must be received by 7:30 p.m. on Election Day.[5][6]


    Returning absentee ballots

    See also: Mail ballot collection and return laws by state

    Voters in Arkansas can return their absentee ballot to their county clerk in one of three ways:[6]

    • In person: absentee ballots returned in person must be submitted to the county clerk by the close of business on the Friday before the election.
    • By mail: absentee ballots returned by mail must be received by the county clerk by 7:30 p.m. on the day of the election.
    • By designated bearer: absentee ballots returned by a voter’s designated bearer must be submitted to the county clerk by 7:30 p.m. on the Friday before the election.

    Voters in Arkansas can select anyone as their "designated bearer" or "authorized agent" to pick up or deliver their absentee ballot or absentee ballot application.[6] State law prohibits individuals from receiving or returning more than two absentee ballots on behalf of other people per election.[7]

    Signature requirements and cure provisions

    Absentee ballots in Arkansas include a voter statement that must be completed and signed by the voter in order for the ballot to be counted. Voters are also required to include verification of their registration or an identifying document.[8] Arkansas does not have a cure provision, or a law providing for a process where election officials follow up with voters whose absentee ballots contain a signature discrepancy or lack the requisite signatures.[9]

    Was your absentee ballot counted?

    Arkansas voters can use the Absentee Ballot Search tool provided by the Arkansas Secretary of State to check the status of their absentee ballot.

    Voter identification requirements

    See also: Voter ID in Arkansas
    See also: Voter identification laws by state

    Arkansas requires voters to present photo identification while voting. The identification must include the voter’s name and photograph. It must be issued by "the United States, the State of Arkansas, or an accredited postsecondary educational institution in the State of Arkansas." If the identification has an expiration date on it, it cannot be expired for "more than four (4) years before the date of the election in which the voter seeks to vote."[10]

    The following list of accepted ID was current as of April 2023. Click here for the Arkansas Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information.

    • Driver’s license
    • Photo identification card
    • Concealed handgun carry license
    • United States passport
    • Employee badge or identification document issued by an accredited postsecondary education institution in the State of Arkansas
    • United States military identification document
    • Public assistance identification card if it has a photograph
    • Voter verification card as provided under Ark. Code § 7-5-324

    "A person who is a resident of a long-term care or residential care facility licensed by the state of Arkansas is not required to verify his or her registration by presenting a document or identification card as described above when voting in person, but must provide documentation from the administrator of the facility attesting that the person is a resident of the facility," according to the Arkansas Secretary of State’s office.[10]

    Voters can obtain a free voter verification card at their county clerk’s office. "[V]oters will be required to complete an affidavit stating they do not possess such identification, and must provide documentation containing their full legal name and date of birth, as well as documentation containing their name and residential address."[10]

    Background

    On November 6, 2018, voters in Arkansas approved a constitutional amendment establishing a photo ID requirement for voting purposes. As enacted, the amendment requires individuals who are unable to present the requisite form of identification to cast provisional ballots.[11]

    As of August 2023, 34 states required voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Of these states, 23 required voters to present identification containing a photograph, and 11 accepted other forms of identification. The remaining 16 states did not require voters to present identification in order to vote at the polls on Election Day. Valid forms of identification differ by state. Commonly accepted forms include driver's licenses, state-issued identification cards, and military identification cards.[12][13]

    Provisional balloting for voters without ID

    Voters who do not have ID while voting may cast provisional ballots. See below for provisional ballot rules.


    Provisional ballot rules

    Voters in Arkansas are given provisional ballots, or ballots requiring additional steps or information before they can be counted, under the following circumstances.[14]

    (1) If the voter is "unable to comply with identification requirements" and signs "an affirmation that [they] are a registered voter in the county and are eligible to vote in that election";

    (2) If a voter’s vote is challenged by a poll watcher;

    (3) "If a voter’s name is not included on the precinct voter registration list and if the election official at the poll cannot verify the voter’s status as a registered voter in the county, that voter is entitled to cast a Provisional Ballot if he or she contends to be a registered voter in the precinct in which he or she desires to vote.”

    • The voter must sign "an affirmation that [they] are a registered voter in the county and are eligible to vote in that election."
    • The voter must provide "a current, valid photo ID or a copy of a current utility bill, bank statement, government check, paycheck or other government document that shows the name and address of the voter. If the voter fails to provide ID, the election official will note it on the precinct voter list."

    A provisional ballot is counted in the following circumstances:[15]

    • If the voter casts a ballot for the correct precinct;
    • If the voter "presents proof of identity or an affidavit of indigence or religious objection to having his or her photograph made to the county clerk or the county board no later than the first Monday following the election"; or
    • If the voter casts "an absentee ballot and the county board determines that the voter is eligible to vote in the precinct."

    Was your provisional ballot counted?

    The Arkansas Secretary of State website says that an election official "shall provide the voter with written instructions on how to determine whether or not the provisional vote was counted, and, if not, the reason the vote was not counted. (In most cases, the election commission will mail a notice to the voter.)"[14]

    Local election officials


    U.S. Vote Foundation Logo.jpeg

    Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool.


    Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker

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    Here's the solution: Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker.

    Ballotpedia's Election Administration Tracker sets the industry standard for ease of use, flexibility, and raw power. But that's just the beginning of what it can do:

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    The Ballot Bulletin

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    The Ballot Bulletin is a weekly email that delivers the latest updates on election policy. The Ballot Bulletin tracks developments in election policy around the country, including legislative activity, big-picture trends, and recent news. Each email contains in-depth data from our Election Administration Legislation Tracker. You'll also be able to track relevant legislation, with links to and summaries of the bills themselves.

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    Primary election type

    See also: Primary elections in Arkansas

    A primary election is an election in which registered voters select a candidate that they believe should be a political party's candidate for elected office to run in the general election. They are also used to choose convention delegates and party leaders. Primaries are state-level and local-level elections that take place prior to a general election. Arkansas utilizes an open primary system. Registered voters do not have to be members of a party to vote in that party's primary.[16][17]

    For information about which offices are nominated via primary election, see this article.

    Time off work for voting

    In Arkansas, employers can be fined between $25 to $250 if they do not make it so that "each employee will have an opportunity to exercise the right of franchise":

    Each employer in the state shall schedule the work hours of employees on election days so that each employee will have an opportunity to exercise the right of franchise. Any employer who fails or refuses to comply with the provisions of this section shall upon conviction be subject to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25.00) nor more than two hundred fifty dollars ($250).[18][19]

    As of 2020, 28 states had laws requiring employers to provide time off for voting under certain conditions.

    Voting rules for people convicted of a felony

    See also: Voting rights for convicted felons

    In Arkansas, people convicted of a felony whose sentences have not been discharged or pardoned may not register to vote. Their right to vote is automatically restored upon completion of the entire sentence, including parole or probation.

    Voting rights for people convicted of a felony vary from state to state. In the majority of states, people convicted of a felony cannot vote while they are incarcerated but may regain the right to vote upon release from prison or at some point thereafter.[16]


    Voter list maintenance

    All states have rules under which they maintain voter rolls—or, check and remove certain names from their lists of registered voters. Most states are subject to the parameters set by The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA).[20] The NVRA requires states to make efforts to remove deceased individuals and individuals who have become ineligible due to a change of address. It prohibits removing registrants from voter lists within 90 days of a federal election due to change of address unless a registrant has requested to be removed, or from removing people from voter lists solely because they have not voted. The NVRA says that states may remove names from their registration lists under certain other circumstances and that their methods for removing names must be uniform and nondiscriminatory.[21]

    When names can be removed from the voter list

    Arkansas law states that each county clerk will remove names from the voter list if the person:[22]

    • remains on the inactive voter list and does not vote or update their registration status in the two following general elections
    • changes their residence to an address outside of the county
    • dies
    • is convicted of a felony
    • is adjudged to be mentally incompetent.

    Inactive voter list rules

    Arkansas law states that county clerks will use change of address data "received from the United States Postal Service or its licensees, or other unconfirmed data indicating that a registered voter no longer resides at his or her registered address" and will "send a forwardable address confirmation notice, including a postage-paid and preaddressed return card, to enable the voter to verify or correct the address information." A county clerk may designate "the voter as inactive if the information indicates the voter has moved to a new address in another county or to a new address in another congressional district in the same county or if the address confirmation notices have been returned as undeliverable."[23]

    The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

    See also: Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)

    According to its website, ERIC is a nonprofit corporation that is governed by a board of member-states. These member states submit voter registration and motor vehicle registration information to ERIC. ERIC uses this information, as well as Social Security death records, to provide member states with detailed reports showing voters who have moved within their state, moved out of their state, died, have duplicate registrations in their state, or are potentially eligible to vote but are not yet registered. ERIC's website describes its funding as follows: "Each state pays annual dues, which are determined by a formula approved by the ERIC membership. The formula includes a state's citizen voting age population as a factor."[24]

    By 2022, 33 states and the District of Columbia had joined ERIC. As of August 2023, 26 states and the District of Columbia were members in the ERIC program.[25]

    As of August 2023, Arkansas was not participating in the ERIC program.

    Post-election auditing

    Arkansas state law requires post-election audits. A "sufficient number of counties, polling sites, early voting locations and vote centers are selected by lot to obtain a meaningful sample" by officials from the Arkansas State Board of Elections, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). In 2019, the Arkansas Legislature passed SB 524, which allows the Arkansas State Board Of Election Commissioners to perform audits of votes tabulated electronically. If a discrepancy is found during a post-election audit, a report is created, but it does not change the outcome of an election. "Counties that refuse to provide the requested documents forfeit state funded election expenses for a period of up to two years," according to the NCSL. The audit must be completed no less than 60 days after the general election.[26][27]

    Post-election audits check that election results tallied by a state's voting system match results from paper records, such as paper ballots filled out by voters or the paper records produced by electronic voting machines. Post-election audits are classified into two categories: audits of election results—which include traditional post-election audits as well as risk-limiting audits—and procedural audits.[16][28]

    Typically, traditional post-election audits are done by recounting a portion of ballots, either electronically or by hand, and comparing the results to those produced by the state's voting system. In contrast, risk-limiting audits use statistical methods to compare a random sample of votes cast to election results instead of reviewing every ballot. The scope of procedural audits varies by state, but they typically include a systematic review of voting equipment, performance of the voting system, vote totals, duties of election officials and workers, ballot chain of custody, and more.

    As of December 2023, 41 states and the District of Columbia required some form of post-election audit. Of these, 36 states and the District of Columbia required traditional post-election audits, three states required risk-limiting post-election audits, and two states required procedural post-election audits.[17]



    Election policy ballot measures

    See also: Elections and campaigns on the ballot and List of Arkansas ballot measures

    Ballotpedia has tracked the following ballot measures relating to election and campaign policy in Arkansas.

    1. Arkansas Campaign Contribution Limits and Disclosure, Proposed Initiated Act 1 (1996)
    2. Arkansas Establishment of Date for Proposed Constitution Vote, Referred Question Act 3 (1978)
    3. Arkansas Standards of Conduct for Candidates and Political Campaigns, Proposed Initiated Act 1 (1990)
    4. Arkansas Poll Tax Repeal, Proposed Amendment 54 (1964)
    5. Arkansas Legislative Authority to Submit Ballot Measures, Proposed Amendment 54 (1968)
    6. Arkansas Political Party Registration, Referred Act 457 (1968)
    7. Arkansas Primary Laws, Act 1 (1916)
    8. Arkansas Consolidation of Elections, Act 1 (1926)
    9. Arkansas Poll Tax Elimination, Proposed Amendment 26 (1938)
    10. Arkansas Repeal of Double Primary, Proposed Amendment 30 (1940)
    11. Arkansas Direct Political Party Response, Initiated Act No. 3 (1948)
    12. Arkansas Poll Tax Exemption, Proposed Amendment 37 (1944)
    13. Arkansas Election of County Clerks, Amendment 41 (1952)
    14. Arkansas Authorization of Non-Elected Revenue Bonds, Proposed Amendment 67 (1986)
    15. Arkansas Voting and Elections, Proposed Amendment 1 (2008)

    Recent legislation related to election administration in Arkansas

    The table below lists bills related to election administration that have been introduced during (or carried over to) the current legislative session in Arkansas. The following information is included for each bill:

    • State
    • Bill number
    • Official name or caption
    • Most recent action date
    • Legislative status
    • Topics dealt with by the bill

    Bills are organized alphabetically, first by state and then by bill number. The table displays up to 100 results by default. To view additional results, use the arrows in the upper-right corner of the table. For more information about a particular bill, click the bill number. This will open a separate page with additional information.

    Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker

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    State election laws are changing. Keeping track of the latest developments in all 50 states can seem like an impossible job.

    Here's the solution: Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker.

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    • Ballotpedia's election experts provide daily updates on bills and other relevant political developments
    • We translate complex bill text into easy-to-understand summaries written in everyday language
    • And because it's from Ballotpedia, our Tracker is guaranteed to be neutral, unbiased, and nonpartisan

    The Ballot Bulletin

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    The Ballot Bulletin is a weekly email that delivers the latest updates on election policy. The Ballot Bulletin tracks developments in election policy around the country, including legislative activity, big-picture trends, and recent news. Each email contains in-depth data from our Election Administration Legislation Tracker. You'll also be able to track relevant legislation, with links to and summaries of the bills themselves.

    Click here to view recent issues and subscribe.


    Ballot access

    See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Arkansas
    A cardboard ballot box at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History

    In order to get on the ballot in Arkansas, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

    There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

    1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
    2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
    3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

    This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Arkansas. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, see "Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Arkansas." Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Arkansas
    "Gerrymandering"

    Redistricting is the process by which new congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. Each of Arkansas' four United States Representatives and 135 state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. United States Senators are not elected by districts, but by the states at large. District lines are redrawn every 10 years following completion of the United States census. The federal government stipulates that districts must have nearly equal populations and must not discriminate on the basis of race or ethnicity.[29][30][31][32]

    Arkansas was apportioned four seats in the U.S. House of Representatives after the 2020 census, the same number it received after the 2010 census. Click here for more information about redistricting in Arkansas after the 2020 census.

    HIGHLIGHTS
  • Following the 2020 United States Census, Arkansas was apportioned four congressional seats, which was unchanged from the number it had after the 2010 census.
  • Arkansas' House of Representatives is made up of 100 districts; Arkansas' State Senate is made up of 35 districts.
  • The Arkansas General Assembly is responsible for drawing congressional district lines. Arkansas' state legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission, the Arkansas Board of Apportionment.
  • State process

    See also: State-by-state redistricting procedures

    The Arkansas General Assembly is responsible for drawing congressional district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a single redistricting plan. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[33]

    Arkansas' state legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission, the Arkansas Board of Apportionment. The commission comprises the governor, the secretary of state, and the attorney general.[33]

    The Arkansas Constitution requires that Arkansas State Senate district lines be "contiguous, and that they follow county lines except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements." There are no such requirements in place for congressional districts.[33]


    Election administration agencies

    Election agencies

    Seal of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission
    See also: State election agencies

    Individuals seeking additional information about voting provisions in Arkansas can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.

    Arkansas County Clerks

    Click here for a list

    Secretary of State, Elections Division:

    State Capitol, Rm. 256
    Little Rock, Arkansas 72201
    Telephone: 501-682-5070
    Email: electionsemail@sos.arkansas.gov
    http://www.sos.arkansas.gov/

    U.S. Election Assistance Commission

    633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200
    Washington, DC 20001
    Telephone: 301-563-3919
    Toll free: 1-866-747-1471


    Ballotpedia's election coverage

    Click the tiles below to navigate to 2023 election coverage, or use the map below:


    See also

    Elections in Arkansas


    External links

    Footnotes

    1. We use the term "absentee/mail-in voting" to describe systems in which requests or applications are required. We use the term "all-mail voting" to denote systems where the ballots themselves are sent automatically to all voters. We use the hyphenate term for absentee voting because some states use “mail voting” (or a similar alternative) to describe what has traditionally been called "absentee voting."
    2. Arkansas Code, "Title 7, Chapter 5, Subchapter 43," accessed April 3, 2023
    3. 3.0 3.1 Arkansas Secretary of State, "Voter Registration Information," accessed April 5, 2023
    4. Arkansas Secretary of State, "Voting in Arkansas," accessed April 3, 2023
    5. Arkansas Secretary of State, "Military and Overseas Citizens," accessed April 3, 2023
    6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Arkansas Secretary of State, "Absentee Voting," accessed April 3, 2023
    7. Justia, “2020 Arkansas Code, Title 7 - Elections, Chapter 5 - Election Procedure Generally, Subchapter 4 - Absentee Voting, § 7-5-403. Designated bearers, authorized agents, and administrators,” accessed April 3, 2023
    8. Justia, “2020 Arkansas Code, Title 7 - Elections, Chapter 5 - Election Procedure Generally, Subchapter 4 - Absentee Voting, § 7-5-412. Marking and return of absentee ballots -- Delivery of mailed absentee ballots,” accessed April 3, 2023
    9. Justia, “2020 Arkansas Code, Title 7 - Elections, Chapter 5 - Election Procedure Generally, Subchapter 4 - Absentee Voting, § 7-5-417. Challenge of absentee votes,” accessed April 3, 2023
    10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 Arkansas Secretary of State, "A Pocket Guide to Voting in the Natural State," accessed April 3, 2023
    11. Arkansas State Legislature, "HJR 1016," accessed April 3, 2023
    12. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Voter Identification Requirements|Voter ID Laws," March 9, 2023
    13. The Washington Post, "Do I need an ID to vote? A look at the laws in all 50 states," October 27, 2014
    14. 14.0 14.1 Arkansas Secretary of State, "Voting in Arkansas," accessed April 3, 2023
    15. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Provisional Ballots," accessed April 3, 2023
    16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 National Conference of State Legislatures Website, "State Primary Election Types," accessed April 3, 2023 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ncsl" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ncsl" defined multiple times with different content
    17. 17.0 17.1 Ballotpedia research conducted December 26, 2013, through January 3, 2014, researching and analyzing various state websites and codes. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "research" defined multiple times with different content
    18. 2020 Arkansas Code, "A.C.A. § 7-1-102," accessed April 3, 2023
    19. Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    20. The Justice Department notes, "Six States (Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) are exempt from the NVRA because, on and after August 1, 1994, they either had no voter-registration requirements or had election-day voter registration at polling places with respect to elections for federal office."
    21. The United States Department of Justice, "The National Voter Registration Act of 1993," accessed Aprl 4, 2023
    22. Arkansas Constitution, "Amendment 51; Sec. 11," accessed September 5, 2019
    23. Arkansas Constitution, "Amendment 51; Sec. 10," accessed September 5, 2019
    24. ERIC, "Home," accessed April 4, 2023
    25. ERIC, "Who We Are," accessed August 7, 2023
    26. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Post-Election Audits," accessed April 3, 2023
    27. LegiScan, "Arkansas Senate Bill 524," accessed April 3, 2023
    28. Election Assistance Commission, "Election Audits Across the United States," accessed August 15, 2023
    29. All About Redistricting, "Why does it matter?" accessed April 8, 2015
    30. Indy Week, "Cracked, stacked and packed: Initial redistricting maps met with skepticism and dismay," June 29, 2011
    31. The Atlantic, "How the Voting Rights Act Hurts Democrats and Minorities," June 17, 2013
    32. Redrawing the Lines, "The Role of Section 2 - Majority Minority Districts," accessed April 6, 2015
    33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 All About Redistricting, "Arkansas," accessed April 20, 2015