Delaware General Assembly

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Delaware General Assembly

Seal of Delaware.svg.png
General information
Type:   State legislature
Term limits:   None
Session start:   January 9, 2024
Website:   Official Legislature Page
Leadership
Senate President:   Bethany Hall-Long (D)
House Speaker:  Valerie Longhurst (D)
Majority Leader:   Senate: Bryan Townsend (D)
House: Melissa Minor-Brown (D)
Minority Leader:   Senate: Gerald Hocker (R)
House: Daniel Short (R)
Structure
Members:  21 (Senate), 41 (House)
Length of term:   4 years (Senate), 2 years (House)
Authority:   Art II, Section 1, Delaware Constitution
Salary:   $49,202/year
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024
Redistricting:  Delaware Legislature has control

The Delaware General Assembly is the state legislature of Delaware. It is composed of the Delaware State Senate with 21 Senators and the Delaware House of Representatives with 41 Representatives. It meets at the Legislative Hall in Dover, convening on the second Tuesday of January of odd numbered years, with a second session of the same Assembly convening likewise in even numbered years. Normally the sessions are required to adjourn by the last day of June of the same calendar year.

Members are elected from single-member districts, all apportioned to roughly equal populations after each U.S. census. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1st and about one-half of the Senate is elected every two years for a four-year term, and the entire House of Representatives is elected every two years for a two-year term. Vacancies are filled through special elections.

Delaware has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

See also: Delaware House of Representatives, Delaware State Senate, Delaware Governor

Elections

2024

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2024 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2024

Elections for the Delaware State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is September 10, 2024. The filing deadline is July 9, 2024.

Elections for the Delaware House of Representatives will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is September 10, 2024. The filing deadline is July 9, 2024.

2022

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2022 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2022

Elections for the Delaware State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for September 13, 2022. The filing deadline was July 12, 2022.

Elections for the Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for September 13, 2022. The filing deadline was July 12, 2022.

2020

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2020 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2020

Elections for the office of Delaware State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for September 15, 2020. The filing deadline was July 14, 2020. Heading into the 2020 general election, there were 12 Democrats and nine Republicans in the chamber. Democrats increased their majority to 14 Democrats and seven Republicans in the election.

Elections for the office of Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for September 15, 2020. The filing deadline was July 14, 2020.

2018

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2018 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2018

Elections for the Delaware State Senate took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on September 6, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The major party candidate filing deadline was July 10, 2018.[1]

Elections for the Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2018. A closed primary election took place on September 6, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The major party candidate filing deadline was July 10, 2018.[2]

2016

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2016 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2016

Elections for the Delaware State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on September 13, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was July 12, 2016.

Elections for the Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on September 13, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was July 12, 2016.

2014

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2014 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2014

Elections for the Delaware State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on September 9, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was July 8, 2014.

Elections for the Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on September 9, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was July 8, 2014.

2012

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2012 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2012

Elections for the office of Delaware State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on September 11, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was July 10, 2012.

Elections for the office of Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on September 11, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was July 10, 2012.

2010

See also: Delaware State Senate elections, 2010 and Delaware House of Representatives elections, 2010

Elections for the office of Delaware State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The primary nomination process for candidates wishing to run in these elections was to gain the party's nomination at state conventions held by the state's two major political parties in May. Candidates wishing to run as independents could submit nominating signatures up through July 30. The candidate filing deadline was June 11, 2010.

Elections for the office of Delaware House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on September 14, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The primary nomination process for candidates wishing to run in these elections was to gain the party's nomination at state conventions held by the state's two major political parties in May. Candidates wishing to run as independents could submit nominating signatures up through July 30.

Sessions

Article II of the Delaware Constitution establishes when the General Assembly is to be in session. Section 4 of Article II states that the General Assembly is to convene on the second Tuesday of January of each calendar year, and it is not to extend beyond 5:00 p.m. on the last day of June.[3]

Section 4 also allows the General Assembly to be convened into special session by the Governor of Delaware or by the mutual call of the presiding officers of both Houses.

2024

See also: 2024 Delaware legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 9, 2024, and adjourn on June 30, 2024.

2023

See also: 2023 Delaware legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2023, and adjourn on June 30, 2023.


Role in state budget

See also: Delaware state budget and finances
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The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[15]

  1. In July, the governor sends budget instructions to state agencies.
  2. In October, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
  3. Budget hearings are held with the public in November.
  4. On or before February 1, the governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature.
  5. The legislature must pass a budget with a simple majority by June 30. The fiscal year begins on July 1.

The governor is statutorily required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget, and any budget signed into law by the governor must be balanced.[15]

Delaware is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[15]

Delaware maintains two major governmental funds: the General Fund and the Special Fund. Within the Special Fund, there are four category types: Appropriated Special Funds (ASF), Non-appropriated Special Funds (NSF), Federal Funds, and Bond Funds.[16]


History

The Delaware General Assembly was one of the thirteen legislatures that participated in the American War of Independence. Created by the Delaware Constitution of 1776, its membership and responsibilities have been modified by the Delaware Constitution of 1792, the Delaware Constitution of 1831, the Delaware Constitution of 1897, and significant U.S. Supreme Court action, effective in 1965.

Significant actions of the General Assembly include the calling of the Constitutional Convention which become the first to ratify the U.S. Constitution of 1787, and its rejection of secession from the Union on January 3, 1861 in spite of Delaware's slave state status. Also significant was its repeated refusal to legislate the end of slavery or voting rights for women, requiring federal law to enforce those changes.

Until 1898 the General Assembly was apportioned by county, with a total of 30 members elected county-wide "at-large" with equal numbers from each of the three counties. After 1898 the total membership was increased to 52 and they were elected from districts, mostly corresponding to the geographical boundaries of hundreds within the counties. However, there was little recognition of disparities in population, except for the addition of two extra senators and five extra representatives elected from much more populous New Castle County. After 1965, action of U.S. Supreme Court forced the General Assembly to redistrict so that all members of both houses were elected from districts of equal population. By 1972, the total membership had increased to its present 62, still the second smallest state legislature in the country.

Partisan balance 1992-2013

Who Runs the States Project
See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, Delaware
Partisan breakdown of the Delaware legislature from 1992-2013

Delaware State Senate: Throughout every year from 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Delaware State Senate. The Delaware State Senate is 1 of 16 state senates that was Democratic for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. During the final five years of the study, Delaware was under Democratic trifectas.

Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.

Delaware State House of Representatives: From 1992-2013, the Democratic Party was the majority in the Delaware State House of Representatives for five years and the Republicans for 17 years. During the final five years of the study, Delaware was under Democratic trifectas.

Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Delaware, the Delaware State Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

Partisan composition of Delaware state government(1992-2013).PNG

SQLI and partisanship

To read the full report on the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI) in PDF form, click here.

The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Delaware state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. For twelve out of the twenty years observed during the study, Delaware ranked in the top-10 of the SQLI ranking. The state dropped out of the top-10 for a period between 1996 and 1999, hitting the rank of 16th before climbing back into the top-10 for eight more years. It again dropped out of the top-10 in 2008 and has remained out of the top rankings since then. Delaware has never had a Republican trifecta, but has had a Democratic trifecta since 2009. In the state’s longest period of divided government, there was a Democratic governor, a Democratic state senate and a Republican state house. Delaware achieved its highest SQLI ranking (3rd) in 2003 and 2004 under divided government, and its lowest ranking (20th) in 2012 under a Democratic trifecta.

  • SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 16.75
  • SQLI average with Republican trifecta: N/A
  • SQLI average with divided government: 7.94
Chart displaying the partisanship of Delaware government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

Legislators

Salaries

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2023
SalaryPer diem
$49,202/yearNo per diem is paid.

When sworn in

See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

Delaware legislators assume office ​the first Wednesday after the first Monday in November (the day after election day).[17][18]

Redistricting

See also: Redistricting in Delaware

Because Delaware has only one congressional district, congressional redistricting is not necessary. The state legislature draws state legislative district lines. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[19][20]

State law requires that state legislative districts be "insofar as possible, contiguous and bounded by roads, streams and other natural boundaries." Further, state law stipulates that district lines "may not be drawn to unduly favor any person or political party." Because these requirements are statutory, the legislature may amend them at its discretion.[19][20]

2020

See also: Redistricting in Delaware after the 2020 census

On November 2, 2021, Gov. John Carney (D) signed Senate Bill 199 into law, enacting the state's new House and Senate district lines.[21] The Delaware General Assembly previously approved the final House and Senate map proposals on November 1, 2021.[22] The Delaware House of Representatives voted 40-1 in favor of the maps with state Rep. Michael Smith (R) voting against it. The Delaware State Senate approved the maps along party lines with all 14 Democrats in favor and all seven Republicans against.[22] These maps took effect for Delaware's 2022 legislative elections.

2010 census

See also: Redistricting in Delaware after the 2010 census

Delaware received its 2010 census data on March 1, 2011. The state population increased by over 115,000 (nearly 15%), topping 900,000 residents.[23] Significant population shifts threatened to radically alter state House and Senate districts. According to the Delaware Population Consortium, there was a large shift to the southern part of the state, with Sussex County growing by 25% while New Castle County only saw 7% growth.[24]

With comfortable majorities in the Senate and House, Democrats controlled the redistricting process, although Republicans did construct a counter-proposal to Democratic maps. The House passed its redistricting map on June 28, 2011 on a party-line vote. The Senate map was approved on June 30, 2011 by a 15-6 vote. Two districts were merged in the northern part of the state in order to make room for a new southern district.[25][26]

Senate

The Delaware Senate is the upper house of the Delaware General Assembly. It is composed of 21 Senators, each of whom is elected to a four-year term, except when reapportionment occurs, at which time Senators may be elected to a two-year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Delaware Senate meet at the Legislative Hall in Dover.

As of the 2020 Census, Delaware state senators represented an average of 47,183 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 42,899 residents.

In order to accommodate the 10 year cycle of reapportionment, the terms of office of the Senators are staggered so that 10 Senators are elected to terms of 2 years at the first biennial general election following reapportionment, followed by two 4 year terms. The remaining 11 Senators are elected at the biennial election for two 4 year terms, followed by a 2 year term.

Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, boards, or justices to the Delaware Supreme Court.

Leadership of the Senate

The Lieutenant Governor of Delaware serves as the President of the Senate, but only casts a vote if required to break a tie. In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore presides over the Senate. The President Pro Tempore is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the entire Senate through a Senate Resolution. The President Pro Tempore is the chief leadership position in the Senate. The other Senate leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses.

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

Article II, Section 3 of the Delaware Constitution states: "No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-seven years and have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State three years next preceding the day of his or her election and the last year of that term an inhabitant of the Senatorial District in which he or she shall be chosen, unless he or she shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State."[27]

Partisan composition

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 15
     Republican Party 6
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 21

Click here for a list of members of this chamber.

Democrats won control of the Delaware State Senate in 1974. In 2022, they won a 15-6 majority.

The table below shows the partisan history of the Delaware Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

Delaware State Senate election results: 1992-2022

Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
Democrats 15 12 15 13 13 13 13 13 16 14 13 12 11 12 14 15
Republicans 6 9 6 8 8 8 8 8 5 7 8 9 10 9 7 6

Before 1992

From the 1920s through the 1950s, the Delaware Senate was competitive and it often switched partisan control. Starting in 1954, Democrats gained a majority in the chamber and did not lose it until the chamber split 9-9 between the parties in 1966. Republicans won control in the next three elections before losing to the Democrats in 1974. In the years following 1974, Democrats usually held more than 13 seats, the margin needed for a three-fifths majority capable of overriding gubernatorial vetoes.


House of Representatives

The Delaware House of Representatives is the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly. It is composed of 41 Representatives from an equal amount of constituencies, each of whom is elected to a two year term. The Delaware General Assembly does not have term limits. The House meets at the Delaware Legislative Hall in Dover.

From 1776 to 1792, the chamber was known as the House of Assembly, a common name for lower houses of colonial legislatures and states under the loose Confederation. The name was changed by the state's 1792 Constitution, reflecting the new federal House of Representatives, which Delaware was the first state to approve of in ratifying the federal U.S. Constitution in 1787. The renaming began a trend that has resulted in a majority of the lower houses of U.S. state legislatures sharing the same name of the U.S. House.

As of the 2020 Census, Delaware state representatives represented an average of 24,167 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 21,973 residents.

Leadership of the House

The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus followed by confirmation of the full House through the passage of a House Resolution. The Speaker is the chief leadership position of the body. The other House leaders are elected by their respective party caucuses. The Majority Leader determines which bills are brought to the floor for debate (from an Agenda prepared by the Speaker of the House) and manages debates and floor votes.

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

Article II, Section 3 of the Delaware Constitution states: "No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-four years, and have been a citizen and inhabitant of the State three years next preceding the day of his or her election, and the last year of that term an inhabitant of the Representative District in which he or she shall be chosen, unless he or she shall have been absent on the public business of the United States or of this State."[28]

Partisan composition

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 26
     Republican Party 15
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 41

Click here for a list of members of this chamber.

Democrats won control of the Delaware House of Representatives in 2008. In 2022, they won a 26-15 majority.

The table below shows the partisan history of the Delaware House following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

Delaware House of Representatives election results: 1992-2022

Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
Democrats 18 14 18 15 15 12 15 18 24 26 27 25 25 26 26 26
Republicans 23 27 23 26 26 29 26 23 17 15 14 16 16 15 15 15

Before 1992

The Delaware House was competitive during the early 1900s. It flipped partisan control 10 times between 1912 and 1938. Republicans maintained control from the 1938 election until 1954. After that election, the chamber continued to alternate control, although not as frequently. From 1954 to 1984, control flipped six times and ended in a Republican advantage that would last another 24 years.


District maps

State Senate


State House


Veto overrides

Veto Override Graphic-Democratic Party.png

See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Delaware are listed below.

How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.

Three-fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 25 of the 41 members in the Delaware House of Representatives and 13 of the 21 members in the Delaware State Senate. Delaware is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

Vetoes can be overridden when the next regular session convenes.[29]

Authority: Article III, Section 18 of the Delaware Constitution.

"Every bill which shall have passed both Houses of the General Assembly shall, before it becomes law, be presented to the Governor; if he or she approves, he or she shall sign it; but if he or she shall not approve, he or she shall return it with his or her objections to the House in which it shall have originated, which House shall enter the objections at large on the journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, three-fifths of all the members elected to that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent together with the objections to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by three-fifths of all the members elected to that House, it shall become a law; but in neither House shall the vote be taken on the day on which the bill shall be returned to it."

Joint committees

See also: Public policy in Delaware

Constitutional amendments

In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

The methods in which the Delaware Constitution can be amended:

See also: Article XVI of the Delaware Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Delaware

Article XVI of the Delaware Constitution defines two mechanisms by which the Delaware Constitution can be amended—a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Delaware does not feature the power of citizen initiative for either initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes.

Legislature

The Delaware General Assembly can amend the constitution. Unlike in any other state, the state legislature can amend the constitution without a vote of the people. For the legislature to amend the constitution:

  • Two-thirds of all the members elected to each chamber can vote in favor of a proposed amendment.
  • The Delaware Secretary of State then must publish the proposed amendment(s) three months prior to the next general election in at least three newspapers in each county.
  • The subsequent General Assembly then votes again on the proposed amendment(s) and if an amendment receives two-thirds majority approval of all members of each chamber, it becomes part of the constitution.

Convention

The state's constitution can also be amended through a constitutional convention.

  • By a two-thirds vote of both chambers of the state legislature, the question, "Shall there be a Convention to revise the Constitution and amend the same?" can go on a statewide ballot. If a simple majority of those voting on the question vote "yes," then there will be a convention.



2025 measures:

See also: 2025 ballot measures

Certified:

The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

No measures to list


Potential:

The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

No measures to list

2024 measures:

Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

See also: 2024 ballot measures

Certified:

The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

No measures to list


Potential:

The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

No measures to list

See also

Elections Delaware State Government State Legislatures State Politics
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Delaware State Flag-Close Up.jpg
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State Courts-Tile image.png

External links

Footnotes

  1. State Election Commissioner, "2018 Delaware Election Calendar," accessed October 23, 2017
  2. State Election Commissioner, "2018 Delaware Election Calendar," accessed October 23, 2017
  3. The Delaware Code Online, "Article Ii. Legislature - § 4. Time and frequency of sessions," accessed September 18, 2023
  4. WHYY, "Delaware Gov. Carney declares state of emergency, puts National Guard on alert," March 12, 2020
  5. Delaware General Assembly, "Home," accessed March 20, 2020
  6. Delaware General Assembly, "Home," accessed May 26, 2020
  7. Delaware State News, "It’s official: Carney signs $4.11 billion budget," July 3, 2017
  8. Delaware State News, "Legislature compromises, passes budget," July 3, 2017
  9. WDEL, "Delaware's finances likely to be a major focus at Leg Hall in 2015," January 23, 2015
  10. delaware.newszap.com, "Delaware lawmakers to revisit guns, minimum wage," accessed January 15, 2014
  11. Beaumont Enterprise, "Budget, guns among issues facing Del. lawmakers," January 8, 2013
  12. Delaware First Media, "Legislators begin to form 2012 agenda," January 8, 2012
  13. Office of the Governor of Delaware, "Markell Thanks Legislature for Overwhelming Votes of Support for Employee Pension and Healthcare Reform – Changes Will Save Taxpayers over $480M over 15 years," April 14, 2011
  14. Stateline, "States overhaul pensions but pass on 401(k)-style plans," June 21, 2011
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
  16. State of Delaware Office of Management and Budget, "Budget and Accounting Policy Manual: Chapter 3 - Delaware's Accounting Framework," accessed January 14, 2021
  17. Delaware Constitution, "Article II, Section 3," accessed November 1, 2021
  18. Delaware Constitution, "Article II, Section 4," accessed November 1, 2021
  19. 19.0 19.1 All About Redistricting, "Delaware," accessed April 22, 2015
  20. 20.0 20.1 Delaware Code, "Title 29, Chapter 8," accessed April 22, 2015
  21. Delaware General Assembly, "Senate Bill 199," accessed Nov. 15, 2021
  22. 22.0 22.1 WGMD, "Redistricting Legislation Passes in Delaware – Waiting for Governor’s Signature," Nov. 1, 2021
  23. Delaware Online, "Delaware grows 15 percent, tops 900,000," December 22, 2010
  24. Sussex Countian, "Redistricting looms in 2011 General Assembly session," January 12, 2011
  25. The Republic, "Delaware lawmakers approve legislative redistricting plan for state House, Senate," June 30, 2011
  26. Delaware Online, "General Assembly's pace picks up in late-night flurry," July 1, 2011
  27. The Delaware Code Online, "Article II. Legislature - Section 3," accessed January 25, 2023
  28. The Delaware Code Online, "Article II. Legislature - Section 3," accessed January 25, 2023
  29. Delaware State News, "Delaware legislators to attempt override of opt-out veto," January 13, 2016