Colorado State Senate

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Colorado State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Democrat
Session start:   January 10, 2024
Session end:   May 8, 2024
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   2 terms (8 years)
Redistricting:  Commission
Salary:   $43,977/year for legislators whose terms began in 2023. $41,449/year for legislators whose terms began in 2021. + per diem
Members
Total:  35
Democrats:  23
Republicans:  12
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   Stephen Fenberg (D)
Maj. Leader:   Dominick Moreno (D)
Min. Leader:   Paul Lundeen (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 5, 2024

The Colorado State Senate is the upper chamber of the Colorado General Assembly. Alongside the Colorado House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Colorado state government and works alongside the governor of Colorado to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Colorado State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Colorado State Senate meets in the state capitol building in Denver, Colorado.

  • A total of 17 seats out of the Colorado Senate's 35 seats were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Democratic majority increased from 21-14 to 23-12.
  • A total of 18 seats out of the Colorado Senate's 35 seats were up for election in 2020. The chamber's Democratic majority increased from 19-16 to 20-15.

  • Colorado has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Colorado State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Colorado State Senate as of January 2024:

    Party As of January 2024
         Democratic Party 23
         Republican Party 12
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 35

    Members

    Leadership and members


    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Colorado State Senate District 1 Byron Pelton Republican January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 2 Jim Smallwood Republican January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 3 Nick Hinrichsen Democratic February 28, 2022
    Colorado State Senate District 4 Mark Baisley Republican January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 5 Perry Will Republican January 12, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 6 Cleave Simpson Jr. Republican January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 7 Janice Rich Republican January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 8 Dylan Roberts Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 9 Paul Lundeen Republican 2019
    Colorado State Senate District 10 Larry Liston Republican January 13, 2021
    Colorado State Senate District 11 Thomas Exum Sr. Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 12 Bob Gardner Republican January 11, 2017
    Colorado State Senate District 13 Kevin Priola Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 14 Joann Ginal Democratic 2019
    Colorado State Senate District 15 Janice Marchman Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 16 Chris Kolker Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 17 Sonya Jaquez Lewis Democratic January 13, 2021
    Colorado State Senate District 18 Stephen Fenberg Democratic January 11, 2017
    Colorado State Senate District 19 Rachel Zenzinger Democratic January 11, 2017
    Colorado State Senate District 20 Lisa Cutter Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 21 Dafna Michaelson Jenet Democratic September 19, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 22 Jessie Danielson Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 23 Barbara Kirkmeyer Republican January 13, 2021
    Colorado State Senate District 24 Kyle Mullica Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 25 Faith Winter Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 26 Jeff Bridges Democratic 2019
    Colorado State Senate District 27 Tom Sullivan Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 28 Rhonda Fields Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 29 Janet Buckner Democratic January 9, 2023
    Colorado State Senate District 30 Kevin Van Winkle Republican June 13, 2022
    Colorado State Senate District 31 Chris Hansen Democratic January 21, 2020
    Colorado State Senate District 32 Robert Rodriguez Democratic January 4, 2019
    Colorado State Senate District 33 James Coleman Democratic January 13, 2021
    Colorado State Senate District 34 Julie Gonzales Democratic January 4, 2019
    Colorado State Senate District 35 Rod Pelton Republican January 9, 2023


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $43,977/year for legislators whose terms began in 2023. $41,449/year for legislators whose terms began in 2021.For legislators residing within 50 miles of the capitol: $45/day. For legislators living more than 50 miles from the capitol: $237/day. Set by the legislature. Vouchered.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Colorado legislators assume office on the first day of the legislative session after their election. The legislative session must begin no later than 10:00 AM on the second Wednesday of January.[1] The state constitution requires the newly elected governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, treasurer, and secretary of state to take office on the second Tuesday of January.[2] In the year after those offices are elected, the legislative session must begin before the second Tuesday of January to declare the winners of those races.[3][4]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article 5, Section 4 of the Colorado Constitution states:[5]

    “ No person shall be a representative or senator who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, who shall not be a citizen of the United States, and who shall not for at least twelve months next preceding his election, have resided within the territory included in the limits of the district in which he shall be chosen.[6] ”

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the Colorado State Senate in 2018. In 2022, they won a 23-12 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Colorado Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Colorado State Senate election results: 1992-2022

    Year '92 '94 '96 '98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20 '22
    Democrats 16 16 15 14 18 17 18 20 21 20 19 17 17 19 20 23
    Republicans 19 19 20 21 17 18 17 15 14 15 16 18 18 16 15 12

    Before 1992

    Between 1900 and 2022, the chamber changed partisan hands 14 times.


    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Colorado was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 2007-2010, 2013-2014, 2019-2023
    • Republican trifecta: 1999-2000, 2003-2004
    • Divided government: 1992-1998, 2001-2002, 2005-2006, 2011-2012, 2015-2018

    Colorado Party Control: 1992-2024
    Twelve years of Democratic trifectas  •  Four years of Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    Senate R R R R R R R R R D D R R D D D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D
    House R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D R R D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Colorado state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years. Colorado holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2024

    See also: Colorado State Senate elections, 2024

    Elections for the Colorado State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is June 25, 2024. The filing deadline is March 19, 2024.

    2022

    See also: Colorado State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Colorado State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for June 28, 2022. The filing deadline was March 15, 2022.

    The Democratic Party expanded its majority by two seats in the 2022 general election, from 21-14 to 23-12.

    Colorado State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 21 23
         Republican Party 14 12
    Total 35 35

    2020

    See also: Colorado State Senate elections, 2020

    Elections for the office of Colorado State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for June 30, 2020. The filing deadline was March 17, 2020. Heading into the 2020 general election, there were 19 Democrats and 16 Republicans in the chamber.

    In the 2020 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Colorado State Senate from 19-16 to 20-15.

    Colorado State Senate
    Party As of November 3, 2020 After November 4, 2020
         Democratic Party 19 20
         Republican Party 16 15
    Total 35 35

    2018

    See also: Colorado State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Colorado State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on June 26, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was March 20, 2018, for major party candidates and April 2, 2018, for minor party candidates. There was a July 12, 2018, deadline for unaffiliated candidates.[7]

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats gained a majority in the Colorado State Senate.

    Colorado State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 16 19
         Republican Party 18 16
         Independent 1 0
    Total 35 35

    2016

    See also: Colorado State Senate elections, 2016

    Elections for the Colorado State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on June 28, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was April 4, 2016.[8] A total of 18 seats out of the 35 seats in the Colorado State Senate were up for election in 2016.

    The Colorado State Senate was one of 20 battleground chambers in 2016. Heading into the election, Republicans held an 18-17 majority. No changes occurred to the partisan balance of the chamber.

    Colorado State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 17 17
         Republican Party 18 18
    Total 35 35

    Term limits

    See also: State legislatures with term limits

    The Colorado General Assembly is one of 16 state legislatures with term limits. Voters enacted the Colorado Term Limits Act in 1990. That initiative said that Colorado senators are subject to term limits of no more than two four-year terms.[15]

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Colorado General Assembly, then the political party that last held the seat is responsible for selecting a replacement.[16] A vacancy committee consisting of members representing the political party holding the vacant seat must conduct an election to appoint a replacement. The person selected to fill the vacant seat must be approved by a majority of the members of the vacancy committee. The committee must submit and certify their selection to the Secretary of State within 30 days of the vacancy. If, within those 30 days, the committee fails to certify a selection, the governor must select a candidate within five days that meets the appropriate qualifications. The person who is selected to fill the vacancy remains in the seat until the next scheduled general election.[17]

    If the outgoing officeholder was politically unaffiliated, or was a member of a minor-party, nominations to fill the vacancy follow the nomination procedure for regularly scheduled general elections.

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Colorado Art. 5, Sec. 2(3) Colorado Rev. Stat. §1-4-802 and Colorado Rev. Stat. §1-12-203

    District map

    See also: Colorado state legislative districts

    The state of Colorado has 35 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Colorado

    On November 6, 2018, Colorado voters approved two constitutional amendments, Amendment Y and Amendment Z, establishing separate non-politician commissions for congressional and state legislative redistricting. Each commission consists of four members belonging to the state's largest political party, four members belonging to the state's second-largest party, and four members belonging to no party. Commission members are appointed by a panel of three judges selected by the Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court. The amendment requires at least eight of the commission's 12 members, including at least two members not belonging to any political party, to approve a map.[18]

    The Colorado Constitution requires that state legislative district boundaries "be contiguous, and that they be as compact as possible based on their total perimeter." In addition, "to the extent possible, districts must also preserve the integrity of counties, cities, towns and–where doing so does not conflict with other goals–communities of interest." There are no similar requirements for congressional districts.[19][20]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Colorado after the 2020 census

    On November 15, 2021, the Colorado Supreme Court approved the state legislative redistricting plans approved by the state's Independent Legislative Redistricting Commission on October 11 and 12, 2021.[21] These maps took effect for Colorado’s 2022 state legislative elections.

    The Colorado Sun's Thy Vo wrote that the House and Senate maps "appear to favor Democrats' maintaining their majority in the General Assembly."[21] Colorado Politics' Evan Wyloge wrote that the new maps created nine House districts where previous election results fell within a five percentage point margin and eight such Senate districts. At the time of approval, Democrats held a 42-23 majority in the House and a 20-15 majority in the Senate.[22]

    District map before and after 2020 redistricting

    Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.

    Colorado State Senate Districts
    until January 8, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.

    Colorado State Senate Districts
    starting January 9, 2023

    Click a district to compare boundaries.


    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Colorado after the 2010 census

    Colorado's population increased from 4.30 million to 5.03 million between 2000 and 2010, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.[23] Much of the state's 16.9 percent growth occurred in the I-25 corridor, on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Hispanic population growth accounted for roughly half of the increase. The Colorado Springs area and the southern Denver suburbs experienced the highest population growth rates.[24]

    The 11 members of the Reapportionment Commission began working in May 2011, with public hearings set for June. Commission Chairman Mario Carrera, the only unaffiliated member of the commission, submitted his maps on September 14, explaining that they would make 11 Senate seats and 22 House seats competitive, of the 33 competitive seats, 17 were anticipated to be highly competitive. Additionally, under his proposal 24 of the 100 legislative districts would have at least 30 percent Hispanic voters.[25] On September 19 the Commission voted to pass Carrera's maps of state legislative districts. Democrats unanimously passed both maps, two Republicans voted against the Senate map and three voted against the House map. The Colorado Supreme Court rejected the new House and Senate maps on November 15 by a vote of 4-2, stating they were not sufficiently attentive to county boundaries.[26] The redistricting panel resumed efforts on November 28 to rework the new legislative maps.[27] The following day the commission voted to approve Democratic-drawn proposals for new House and Senate districts. On December 12, the state Supreme Court approved the maps.[28]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Colorado State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Colorado by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Colorado legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 10, 2024, and adjourn on May 8, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Colorado legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 9, 2023, and adjourn on May 8, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Colorado

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[40] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article V of the Colorado Constitution establishes when the Colorado General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 7 of Article V states that the assembly is to convene its regular session no later than the second Wednesday of January of each year. Regular sessions are not to exceed 120 calendar days.

    Section 7 also states that the governor of Colorado can convene special sessions of the general assembly. Special sessions can also be convened by a two-thirds vote of the members of both legislative houses.

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, term limits, and procedures for filling membership vacancies.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-No party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Colorado are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in both chambers

    Two-thirds of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 44 of the 65 members in the Colorado House of Representatives and 24 of the 35 members in the Colorado State Senate. Colorado is one of 36 states that requires a two-thirds vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    Authority: Article IV, Section 11 of the Colorado Constitution

    "Every bill passed by the general assembly shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. If he approve, he shall sign it, and thereupon it shall become a law; but if he do not approve, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it originated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon its journal, and proceed to reconsider the bill. If then two­ thirds of the members elected agree to pass the same, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two­ thirds of the members elected to that house, it shall become a law, notwithstanding the objections of the governor."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Colorado state budget and finances
    Colorado on Public Policy Logo-one line-on Ballotpedia.png
    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[41]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in March.
    2. Agencies submit their budget requests to the governor in July.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in November.
    4. The legislature typically adopts a budget in April for the new fiscal year beginning July 1.

    Colorado is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[41]

    The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature, which must in turn adopt a balanced budget.[41]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Colorado state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Colorado State Senate has 10 standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Colorado Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Section 1 of Article V and Article XIX of the Colorado Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Colorado
    Colorado Constitution
    800px-Flag of Colorado.svg.png
    Preamble
    Articles
    I • II • III • IV • V • VI • VII • VIII • IX • X • XI • XII • XIII • XIV • XV • XVI • XVII • XVIII • XIX • XX • XXI • XXII • XXIII • XXIV • XXV • XXVI • XXVII • XXVIII • XXIX • Schedule

    The Colorado Constitution provides three mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a citizen-initiated process, a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Once on the ballot, a 55 percent supermajority vote is required for the approval of any constitutional amendment put on the ballot by the legislature or by a citizen initiative, except those that only remove language from the constitution, rather than adding language or changing existing language.

    Initiative

    See also: Initiated constitutional amendment

    An initiated constitutional amendment is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends a state's constitution. There are 18 states that allow citizens to initiate constitutional amendments.

    In Colorado, the number of signatures required for an initiated constitutional amendment is equal to 5% of the votes cast for the Colorado secretary of state in the preceding general election. Colorado has a distribution requirement for initiated amendments. Signatures must be collected from at least 2% of the registered voters who live in each of the 35 state Senate districts. A 55% vote is required for voter approval.

    Combined initiated constitutional amendments and state statutes

    See also: Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute

    A combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute is a citizen-initiated ballot measure that amends both a state's constitution and state statute. There are at least two (2) states that allow citizens to initiate combined amendments and statutes.

    In Colorado, the number of signatures required for a combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute is equal to 5% of the votes cast for the Colorado secretary of state in the preceding general election. Colorado has a distribution requirement for initiated amendments. Signatures must be collected from at least 2% of the registered voters who live in each of the 35 state Senate districts. A 55% vote is required for voter approval.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A two-thirds (66.67%) vote is required during one legislative session for the Colorado State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 44 votes in the Colorado House of Representatives and 24 votes in the Colorado State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Article XIX of the Colorado Constitution, the state Legislature can refer a state constitutional convention question to the ballot. A two-thirds (66.67%) vote of legislators in each chamber is required.



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.

    No measures to list

    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.

    See also: Colorado 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
    Colorado Property Tax Exemption for Veterans with Individual Unemployability Status AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 24Yes votes: 34 (97.14%)No votes: 0 (0.00%)Yes: 23; No: 0Yes: 11; No: 0
    House:Required: 44Yes votes: 62 (95.38%)No votes: 0 (0.00%)Yes: 44; No: 0Yes: 18; No: 0
    Colorado Independent Judicial Discipline Adjudicative Board AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 24Yes votes: 35 (100.00%)No votes: 0 (0.00%)Yes: 23; No: 0Yes: 12; No: 0
    House:Required: 44Yes votes: 60 (92.30%)No votes: 3 (4.62%)Yes: 44; No: 0Yes: 16; No: 3


    Potential:

    The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.

    No measures to list

    See also

    Elections Colorado State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Colorado State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 5, Section 7," accessed February 9, 2021
    2. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 1," accessed February 9, 2021
    3. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Colorado Constitution - Article 4, Section 3," accessed February 9, 2021
    4. ↑ Colorado LegiSource, "Surprise! The 2019 Legislative Session Convening a Week Earlier," September 20, 2018
    5. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Article V - Legislative Department - Section 4," accessed January 25, 2023
    6. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    7. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "2018 Colorado Election Calendar," accessed September 5, 2017
    8. ↑ Colorado Secretary of State, "Elections & Voting," accessed October 6, 2015
    9. ↑ Follow the Money, "2010 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    10. ↑ Follow the Money, "2008 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    11. ↑ Follow the Money, "2006 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    12. ↑ Follow the Money, "2004 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    13. ↑ Follow the Money, "2002 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    14. ↑ Follow the Money, "2000 Colorado candidates," accessed April 23, 2015
    15. ↑ LexisNexis, "Colorado Legal Resources," accessed February 10, 2021
    16. ↑ JUSTIA US Law, "Colorado Constitution," accessed February 10, 2021 (Article V, Section II, Subsection 3))
    17. ↑ FindLaw, "Colorado Revised Statutes Title 1 Elections § 1-12-203 Vacancies in general assembly," accessed February 10, 2021 (Statute 1-12-203, (1)-(3))
    18. ↑ Colorado General Assembly, "SCR18-004: Congressional Redistricting," accessed May 14, 2018
    19. ↑ All About Redistricting, "Colorado," accessed April 22, 2015
    20. ↑ Redistricting in Colorado, "Constitutional Provisions," accessed April 22, 2015
    21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 The Colorado Sun, "Colorado legislative maps get final approval from state Supreme Court," Nov. 15, 2021
    22. ↑ Colorado Politics, "Supreme Court approves Colorado legislative redistricting maps," Nov. 15, 2021
    23. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Colorado Profile," accessed April 23, 2015
    24. ↑ National Journal, "Census Quick Cuts: Colorado, Washington, Oregon," February 24, 2011
    25. ↑ Houston Chronicle, "Panel chair: CO legislative maps more competitive," September 15, 2011
    26. ↑ Huffington Post, "Colorado Redistricting: Supreme Court Rejects New House, Senate District Maps," November 16, 2011
    27. ↑ Longmont Times-Call, "Reapportionment, redistricting fights to flare up anew," November 26, 2011
    28. ↑ The Denver Post, "Colorado Supreme Court sides with Democrats, picks their maps for new legislative districts," December 12, 2011
    29. ↑ CBS Denver, "State Legislature Adjourned Until March 30th," March 14, 2020
    30. ↑ 9 News, "What will Colorado lawmakers do when they come back to work after COVID-19?" March 30, 2020
    31. ↑ The Denver Post, "Colorado legislature can resume its regular session after breaking for coronavirus, Supreme Court rules," April 1, 2020
    32. ↑ The Denver Post, "Colorado lawmakers bracing for coronavirus budget hit of up to $3 billion," April 9, 2020
    33. ↑ The Denver Post, "Amid coronavirus, Colorado lawmakers delay return until after Memorial Day," May 10, 2020
    34. ↑ Colorado Politics, "They're back: Colorado legislature gavels in much poorer than they gaveled out," May 26, 2020
    35. ↑ Colorado General Assembly, accessed September 23, 2015
    36. ↑ thedenverchannel.com, "Tax refunds at top of list for Colorado lawmakers," January 5, 2015
    37. ↑ reporterherald.com, "Flood-response issues to be a focus of Colorado Legislature's 2014 session," January 5, 2014
    38. ↑ kdvr.com, "Colorado’s historic 2013 legislative session in review," May 10, 2013
    39. ↑ Pueblo Chieftain, "Civil Union supporters rally prior to special session," May 14, 2012
    40. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
    41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
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