Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2023

2023 U.S. state ballot measures
2024 » « 2022
Overview
Scorecard
Tuesday Count
Deadlines
Requirements
Lawsuits
Readability
Voter guides
Election results
Campaigns
Polls
Media editorials
Filed initiatives
Finances
Contributions
Signature costs
Ballot Measure Monthly
Signature requirements
Have you subscribed yet? Join the hundreds of thousands of readers trusting Ballotpedia to keep them up to date with the latest political news. Sign up for the Daily Brew. Click here to learn more.

The Ballot Measure Scorecard lists statewide ballot measures certified for elections in 2023, along with initiated measures that are active with signatures submitted.

The Scorecard filters certified initiatives and initiatives with signatures submitted based on their stage in the process. The Scorecard also filters certified initiatives based on type of ballot measure.

See also: Overview of 2023 ballot measures

Certified for ballot

Statewide ballot measures were listed here once they had officially qualified or been scheduled to appear on the ballot. All statewide measures are listed by election date, including citizen initiatives, veto referendums, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, legislatively referred state statutes, legislatively referred bond questions, commission referrals, and automatic referrals.

March 7

1. Oklahoma State Question 820, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (March 2023) d

April 4

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Conditions of Release Before Conviction Amendment (April 2023) a
2. Wisconsin Question 2, Conditions for Cash Bail Amendment (April 2023) a
3. Wisconsin Question 3, Work Requirement for Welfare Benefits Advisory Question (April 2023) a

August 8

1. Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2023) d

November 7

1. Colorado Proposition HH, Property Tax Changes and Revenue Change Measure (2023) d
2. Colorado Proposition II, Tobacco and Nicotine Product Tax Revenue Measure (2023) a
3. Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023) a
4. Maine Question 2, Prohibit Foreign Spending in Elections Initiative (2023) a
5. Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023) d
6. Maine Question 4, "Right to Repair Law" Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative (2023) a
7. Maine Question 5, Change Time Period of Judicial Review of Initiative Petitions Amendment (2023) a
8. Maine Question 6, Require Indian Treaty Obligations and Other Constitutional Provisions Included in Official Printing Amendment (2023) a
9. Maine Question 7, Remove Residency Requirement for Initiative Petition Circulators Amendment (2023) d
10. Maine Question 8, Repeal Constitutional Provision Prohibiting Voting for Individuals Under Guardianship Due to Mental Illness Amendment (2023) d
11. New York Proposal 1, Remove Debt Limit on Small City School Districts Amendment (2023) a
12. New York Proposal 2, Exclude Indebtedness for Sewage Facilities Amendment (2023) a
13. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023) a
14. Ohio Issue 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2023) a
15. Texas Proposition 1, Right to Farming, Ranching, Timber Production, Horticulture, and Wildlife Management Amendment (2023) a
16. Texas Proposition 10, Tax Exemption on Medical Equipment and Inventory Amendment (2023) a
17. Texas Proposition 11, Authorize Bond Issues in Conservation and Reclamation Districts in El Paso County Amendment (2023) a
18. Texas Proposition 12, Abolish Galveston County Treasurer Amendment (2023) a
19. Texas Proposition 13, Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for State Judges Amendment (2023) d
20. Texas Proposition 14, Creation of the Centennial Parks Conservation Fund Amendment (2023) a
21. Texas Proposition 2, Property Tax Exemption for Child-Care Facilities Amendment (2023) a
22. Texas Proposition 3, Prohibit Taxes on Wealth or Net Worth Amendment (2023) a
23. Texas Proposition 4, Property Tax Changes and State Education Funding Amendment (2023) a
24. Texas Proposition 5, Rename State University Research Fund and Establish Ongoing Revenue Source Amendment (2023) a
25. Texas Proposition 6, Creation of the Water Fund Amendment (2023) a
26. Texas Proposition 7, Creation of State Energy Fund Amendment (2023) a
27. Texas Proposition 8, Creation of Broadband Infrastructure Fund Amendment (2023) a
28. Texas Proposition 9, Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Teacher Retirement System Amendment (2023) a

November 18

1. Louisiana Amendment 1, Gubernatorial Deadlines on Bills and Legislative Veto Sessions Amendment (2023) a
2. Louisiana Amendment 2, Remove Constitutional References to Inactive State Funds Amendment (2023) a
3. Louisiana Amendment 3, Property Tax Exemptions for First Responders Amendment (2023) a
4. Louisiana Amendment 4, Revenue Stabilization Trust Fund Amendment (2023) d

Signatures submitted

Proposed ballot initiatives were listed here when the initiatives' sponsors had turned in their petition signatures to election authorities, but the petitions had not been certified for the ballot. In some states, signature submission can take place over a long period of time and signatures can be submitted in multiple batches or must be submitted as they are collected. Only initiatives for which the signature submission process is complete were listed below.

Citizen-initiated measures with signatures submitted:

Any signatures submitted for 2023 initiatives have been processed.

Initiatives certified to the legislature

See also: Indirect initiative

This phase of the initiative process only applies to indirect initiatives.

Ballot initiatives in states that feature an indirect initiative process must go before the state legislature after signatures are submitted and enough of the submitted signatures are found to be valid. This presentation to the legislature is an intermediate step for successful signature petition drives between when an initiative petition is found to be sufficient and certification for the ballot. In some states with an indirect initiative process, the legislature can approve the proposed law themselves or put it before voters. In other states, the legislature has the chance to propose alternatives or amendments to the initiatives that can appear alongside the citizen initiative on the ballot.

Initiatives certified to the legislature:

Any 2023 indirect initiatives that were certified to the legislature have either been approved by legislators or referred to the ballot.

Approved by the legislature

This phase of the initiative process only applies to indirect initiatives.

Ballot initiatives in states that feature an indirect initiative process must go before the state legislature after signatures are submitted and enough of the submitted signatures are found to be valid. This presentation to the legislature is an intermediate step for successful signature petition drives between when an initiative petition is found to be sufficient and certification for the ballot. In some states with an indirect initiative process, the legislature can approve the proposed law themselves or put it before voters. In other states, the legislature has the chance to propose alternatives or amendments to the initiatives that can appear alongside the citizen initiative on the ballot. In some states, there are certain rules, such as legislative alteration rules, that don't apply if the legislature approves the initiative rather than putting it before voters.

Successful 2023 initiative petitions that were previously certified to the legislature and that were approved by the legislature instead of being put on the ballot are listed below:

Initiatives approved by the legislature:

No 2023 indirect initiatives were approved by the legislature rather than going before voters.

Amendments

All states but Delaware require voter approval of proposed changes to the state constitutions, which can be put on the ballot in 2023 by state legislators or through initiative signature petitions in eighteen states. In some years, there are constitutional conventions or unique commissions in Florida that can refer amendments to the ballot. There are rare scenarios in which technical and non-substantive changes can be made to state constitutions without voter approval. All certified statewide measures in 2023 proposing to amend state constitutions that require statewide voter approval were listed here. This list includes any certified initiated constitutional amendments (in the first section) and legislatively referred constitutional amendments (in the second section).

The list does not include proposed constitutional amendments of local applicability that only required local voter approval. It also does not include amendments that did not require voter approval.

Initiated amendments

What's an initiated amendment? →

1. Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023) a

Legislatively referred amendments

What's a referred amendment? →

1. Louisiana Amendment 1, Ban on Private or Foreign Funding of Election Costs Amendment (October 2023) a
2. Louisiana Amendment 1, Gubernatorial Deadlines on Bills and Legislative Veto Sessions Amendment (2023) a
3. Louisiana Amendment 2, Constitutional Right to Worship in a Church or Place of Worship Amendment (October 2023) a
4. Louisiana Amendment 2, Remove Constitutional References to Inactive State Funds Amendment (2023) a
5. Louisiana Amendment 3, Property Tax Exemptions for First Responders Amendment (2023) a
6. Louisiana Amendment 3, State Retirement System Funding Amendment (October 2023) a
7. Louisiana Amendment 4, Prohibit Property Tax Exemptions for Nonprofits Owning Damaged Residential Property Amendment (October 2023) a
8. Louisiana Amendment 4, Revenue Stabilization Trust Fund Amendment (2023) d
9. Maine Question 5, Change Time Period of Judicial Review of Initiative Petitions Amendment (2023) a
10. Maine Question 6, Require Indian Treaty Obligations and Other Constitutional Provisions Included in Official Printing Amendment (2023) a
11. Maine Question 7, Remove Residency Requirement for Initiative Petition Circulators Amendment (2023) d
12. Maine Question 8, Repeal Constitutional Provision Prohibiting Voting for Individuals Under Guardianship Due to Mental Illness Amendment (2023) d
13. New York Proposal 1, Remove Debt Limit on Small City School Districts Amendment (2023) a
14. New York Proposal 2, Exclude Indebtedness for Sewage Facilities Amendment (2023) a
15. Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure (2023) d
16. Texas Proposition 1, Right to Farming, Ranching, Timber Production, Horticulture, and Wildlife Management Amendment (2023) a
17. Texas Proposition 10, Tax Exemption on Medical Equipment and Inventory Amendment (2023) a
18. Texas Proposition 11, Authorize Bond Issues in Conservation and Reclamation Districts in El Paso County Amendment (2023) a
19. Texas Proposition 12, Abolish Galveston County Treasurer Amendment (2023) a
20. Texas Proposition 13, Increase Mandatory Retirement Age for State Judges Amendment (2023) d
21. Texas Proposition 14, Creation of the Centennial Parks Conservation Fund Amendment (2023) a
22. Texas Proposition 2, Property Tax Exemption for Child-Care Facilities Amendment (2023) a
23. Texas Proposition 3, Prohibit Taxes on Wealth or Net Worth Amendment (2023) a
24. Texas Proposition 4, Property Tax Changes and State Education Funding Amendment (2023) a
25. Texas Proposition 5, Rename State University Research Fund and Establish Ongoing Revenue Source Amendment (2023) a
26. Texas Proposition 5, Reorganization of University Funds Amendment (May 1919) 
27. Texas Proposition 6, Creation of the Water Fund Amendment (2023) a
28. Texas Proposition 7, Creation of State Energy Fund Amendment (2023) a
29. Texas Proposition 8, Creation of Broadband Infrastructure Fund Amendment (2023) a
30. Texas Proposition 9, Cost-of-Living Adjustments for Teacher Retirement System Amendment (2023) a
31. Wisconsin Question 1, Conditions of Release Before Conviction Amendment (April 2023) a
32. Wisconsin Question 2, Conditions for Cash Bail Amendment (April 2023) a

Statutes

Most statutes that go before voters are put on the ballot by a citizen initiative petition. While state legislators can refer state statutes to the voters in certain states, they generally aren't required to as they do with proposed constitutional amendments. In Arizona and California, voter approval is required for statutory changes of laws previously approved through a citizen initiative. The list below includes both initiated state statutes and legislatively referred state statutes that were put on ballots in 2023.

Initiated statutes

What's an initiated statute? →

1. Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023) a
2. Maine Question 2, Prohibit Foreign Spending in Elections Initiative (2023) a
3. Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023) d
4. Maine Question 4, "Right to Repair Law" Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative (2023) a
5. Ohio Issue 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2023) a
6. Oklahoma State Question 820, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (March 2023) d

Referred statutes

What's a referred statute? →

1. Colorado Proposition HH, Property Tax Changes and Revenue Change Measure (2023) d
2. Colorado Proposition II, Tobacco and Nicotine Product Tax Revenue Measure (2023) a

Veto referendums

A veto referendum is a type of citizen-initiated measure. Instead of proposing a new law, a veto referendum is used by petitioners to seek the repeal of a law passed by the state legislature. The power of veto referendum is also referred to as people's veto.

What's a veto referendum or a people's veto? →

There were no certified veto referendums in 2023.

Referred bond issues

In some states, the legislature is able to or required to put certain proposed bond issues before voters. This section lists legislatively referred bond questions. It does not list other types of measures that happened to propose the issuance of bonds or other indebtedness. For example, initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes that were put on the ballot proposing the issuance of bonds are listed under the sections of this article about initiated constitutional amendments and initiated state statutes, respectively. To see a full list of all statewide measures proposing the issuance of bonds, regardless of what type of measure was used, click here.

What's a bond issue? →

There were no certified legislatively referred bond questions in 2023 .

Automatic referrals

Some measures are referred to the ballot automatically by a provision of a state constitution or state law. One common type of automatic referral is a constitutional convention question periodically asking voters in a state if they want a constitutional convention to be held to consider revisions to the state constitution.

What's an automatic referral?→

There were no certified automatic referrals in 2023.

See also

• 2023 ballot measures
• Potential 2023 ballot measures
• Ballot measure annual scorecards
• Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2023