Ballot measure campaign finance, 2023
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For elections in 2023, 41 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in eight states. As of December 16, Ballotpedia identified $189.62 million in contributions to support or oppose statewide measures on ballots in 2023, which was more than the previous three odd-numbered year election cycles.
Overview
Comparison to prior years
The following graph shows the total contributions to state ballot measure committees in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023.
States with most contributions
As of December 16, the following five states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:
- Note: The total contributions for a state are not equal to the aggregate contributions for the ballot measures in that state because some PACs support or oppose more than one ballot measure.
| State | Measures | Contributions |
|---|---|---|
| Ohio | 3 | $126,716,040 |
| Maine | 8 | $48,427,278 |
| Colorado | 2 | $5,806,727 |
| Oklahoma | 1 | $5,314,399 |
| Texas | 14 | $2,877,979 |
Measures with most contributions
As of December 16, the campaigns surrounding the following five ballot measures had received the most contributions:
| Measure | Support | Opposition | Total | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative | $53,825,871 | $36,086,325 | $89,912,196 |  |
| Ohio Issue 1, 60% Vote Requirement to Approve Constitutional Amendments Measure | $23,554,336 | $22,023,777 | $45,578,113 |  |
| Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative | $1,208,361 | $39,965,654 | $41,174,015 | |
| Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative | $24,943,829 | $0 | $24,943,829 | |
| Ohio Issue 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative | $6,739,421 | $927,900 | $7,667,321 | |
2023 ballot measure contributions
The following tables list statewide measures on ballots in 2023, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the outcome of each measure.
Citizen-initiated ballot measures
The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures, including veto referendums, that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive.
| Ballot Measure | Support Contributions | Oppose Contributions | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maine Question 1, Voter Approval of Borrowing Above $1 Billion by State Entities and Electric Cooperatives Initiative (2023) | $24,943,829.08 | $0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 2, Prohibit Foreign Spending in Elections Initiative (2023) | $925,141.59 | $0.00 |
|
| Maine Question 3, Pine Tree Power Company Initiative (2023) | $1,208,360.55 | $39,965,654.00 |
|
| Maine Question 4, "Right to Repair Law" Vehicle Data Access Requirement Initiative (2023) | $4,921,290.00 | $116,568.00 |
|
| Ohio Issue 1, Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative (2023) | $53,825,871.07 | $36,086,324.79 |
|
| Ohio Issue 2, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2023) | $6,739,421.22 | $927,900.00 |
|
| Oklahoma State Question 820, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (March 2023) | $5,034,948.71 | $279,450.26 |
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Referred ballot measures
The following table lists referred ballot measures. Legislatures voted to place these measures on the ballot, or the measures, such as constitutional convention questions, were put on the ballot through an automatic legal process.
See also
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