Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio
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Note: This article is not intended to serve as an exhaustive guide to running for public office. Individuals should contact their state election agencies for further information.
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In order to get on the ballot in Ohio, a candidate for president of the United States must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A presidential candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.
There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for president of the United States.
- An individual can seek the nomination of a political party. Presidential nominees are selected by delegates at national nominating conventions. Individual states conduct caucuses or primary elections to determine which delegates will be sent to the national convention.[1]
- An individual can run as an independent. Independent presidential candidates typically must petition in each state in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.[1]
- An individual can run as a write-in candidate.[1]
The information on this page applies only to presidential candidates. For additional information about ballot access requirements for state and congressional candidates, see this page.
Year-specific filing information
2024
The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Ohio, click here.
Presidential primary candidates
| Filing requirements for presidential primary candidates in Ohio, 2024 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Party | Signatures required | Signature formula | Filing fee | Filing fee formula | Filing deadline | Source |
| Ohio | Democratic | 1,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 12/20/2023 | Source |
| Ohio | Republican | 50 per delegate, 1,000 per at-large delegate | Candidates qualify by petition by "fielding candidates for delegate and alternate delegate to the party’s national convention who have pledged their support to that candidate." | N/A | N/A | 12/20/2023 | Source |
Independent presidential candidates
| Filing requirements for independent candidates in Ohio, 2024 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Signatures required | Signature formula | Filing fee | Filing fee formula | Filing deadline | Source |
| Ohio | 5,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 8/7/2024 | Source |
For filing information from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.
2020
The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Ohio in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Ohio, click here.
Presidential primary candidates
| Filing requirements for presidential primary candidates in Ohio, 2020 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Party | Signatures required | Signature formula | Filing fee | Filing fee formula | Filing deadline | Source |
| Ohio | Democratic | 1,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 12/18/2019 | Source |
Independent presidential candidates
| Filing requirements for independent candidates in Ohio, 2020 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Signatures required | Signature formula | Filing fee | Filing fee formula | Filing deadline | Source |
| Ohio | 5,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 8/5/2020 | Source |
2016
The calendar below lists important filing deadlines in Ohio for the 2016 presidential election. For information about campaign finance reporting deadlines, see below.
| Dates and requirements for presidential candidates in 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Deadline | Event type | Event description | |
| December 16, 2015 | Ballot access | Filing deadline for primary candidates | |
| January 4, 2016 | Ballot access | Write-in filing deadline for primary candidates | |
| March 15, 2016 | Election date | Primary election | |
| May 27, 2016 | Ballot access | Board of elections must certify independent candidate petitions | |
| July 21, 2016 | Ballot access | Nomination petitions of minor parties due | |
| August 10, 2016 | Ballot access | Major and minor parties must certify the names of their candidates | |
| August 10, 2016 | Ballot access | Nomination petitions of independent candidates must be filed with the secretary of state | |
| August 29, 2016 | Ballot access | Write-in candidates must file declarations of candidacy with the secretary of state | |
| November 8, 2016 | Election date | General election | |
| Source: Ohio Secretary of State, "2016 Ohio Elections Calendar," accessed August 31, 2015 | |||
Qualifications
Article 2, Section 1, of the United States Constitution sets the following qualifications for the presidency:[2]
| “ | No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.[3] | ” |
| —United States Constitution | ||
Article 2, Section 4, of the United States Constitution says an individual can be disqualified from the presidency if impeached and convicted:
| “ | The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.[3] | ” |
| —United States Constitution | ||
The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution says an individual can also be disqualified from the presidency under the following conditions:
| “ | No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.[3] | ” |
| —United States Constitution | ||
Party nomination processes
- See also: Primary election and Caucus
| Hover over the terms below to display definitions. | |
| Ballot access laws | |
| Primary election | |
| Caucus | |
| Delegate | |
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A political party formally nominates its presidential candidate at a national nominating convention. At this convention, state delegates select the party's nominee. Prior to the nominating convention, the states conduct presidential preference primaries or caucuses. Generally speaking, only state-recognized parties—such as the Democratic Party and the Republican Party—conduct primaries and caucuses. These elections measure voter preference for the various candidates and help determine which delegates will be sent to the national nominating convention.[1][4][5]
The Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee, the governing bodies of the nation's two major parties, establish their own guidelines for the presidential nomination process. State-level affiliates of the parties also have some say in determining rules and provisions in their own states. Individuals interested in learning more about the nomination process should contact the political parties themselves for full details.
For more information about Ohio's Democratic and Republican filing requirements, see the state's official filing guide for presidential candidates.
General election requirements
The president of the United States is elected not by popular vote, but by the Electoral College. The Electoral College comprises a total of 538 electors. Each state is allocated a number of electors equal to the size of its congressional delegation. The Office of the Federal Register administers the Electoral College process:[6][7]
| “ | On Election Day, the voters in each State choose the Electors by casting votes for the presidential candidate of their choice. The Electors’ names may or may not appear on the ballot below the name of the candidates running for President, depending on the procedure in each State. The winning candidate in each State—except in Nebraska and Maine, which have proportional distribution of the Electors—is awarded all of the State’s Electors.[3] | ” |
| —The Office of the Federal Register | ||
Typically, electors are selected by state parties. Federal law does not require electors to vote "according to the results of the popular vote in their states." Some states and political parties have enacted policies requiring their electors to vote in accordance with the popular vote. According to the Office of the Federal Register, "throughout our history as a nation, more than 99 percent of electors have voted as pledged."[6][7]
Ohio was allocated 17 electoral votes in the 2024 presidential election, one fewer that it was allocated for the 2012, 2016 and 2020 presidential contests.[8]
Political parties
Candidates nominated by political parties may have their names printed on the general election ballot. A party must certify the names of its presidential and vice presidential candidates with the secretary of state on or before the 90th day preceding the general election. Ohio law defines a political party as a group whose candidate for governor or president in the last general election received at least 3 percent of the votes cast for those or has filed with the secretary of state.[9][10][11]
Independent candidates
An independent presidential candidate seeking placement on the general election ballot must file a petition and a statement of candidacy with the secretary of state. The petition must contain the signatures of at least 5,000 qualified voters and be submitted no later than 90 days before the general election.[12]
Running for multiple offices
Some states prohibit candidates for the presidency from seeking other offices simultaneously. Ohio does not prohibit candidates for federal offices from seeking other federal offices.[13]
"Sore loser" laws
Some states bar candidates who sought, but failed, to secure the nomination of a political party from running as independents in the general election. These restrictions are sometimes called sore loser laws. Under Ohio state law, a candidate is required to "disaffiliate ... in good faith" from his or her party before running as an independent candidate.[14][15]
Richard Winger, publisher of Ballot Access News, has argued that, generally speaking, "sore loser laws have been construed not to apply to presidential primaries." His analysis of state sore loser laws and their applicability in presidential elections can be accessed here.[16]
Write-in requirements
A write-in candidate for president in Ohio must file a declaration of intent with the secretary of state no later than 72 days before the general election.[17]
Historical information
According to Richard Winger, publisher of Ballot Access News, between 1892 and 2012 there were 401 instances in which a state required an independent or unqualified party candidate to collect more than 5,000 signatures in order to appear on the general election ballot. In Ohio, there were 19 such instances during this period. See the table below for further details. The first column lists the state, the second lists the year, and the third lists the signature requirement. Columns four through nine list candidates and/or parties that met the requirement.[16]
| Filing requirements for independent and minor party candidates, 1894-2012 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Year | Requirement | Successful parties or candidates | |||||
| Ohio | 1892 | 7,957 | People's | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1896 | 8,375 | Socialist Labor | National Democratic | National | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1900 | 9,082 | Socialist | Prohibition | People's | Socialist Labor | Un. Reform | -- |
| Ohio | 1904 | 8,664 | People's | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1908 | 7,924 | People's | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1912 | 9,245 | Progressive | Prohibition | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1916 | 11,293 | Prohibition | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1920 | 9,609 | Socialist | Socialist Labor | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1924 | 16,258 | Progressive | Socialist Labor | Sngle Tax | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1928 | 13,963 | Socialist | Communist | Prohibn | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1932 | 19,568 | Socialist | Communist | Prohibn | Socialist Labor | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1936 | 21,871 | Union | Communist | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1940 | 24,129 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1944 | 17,966 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1948 | 23,038 | Progressive | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1952 | 433,923 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1956 | 389,669 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1960 | 492,621 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ohio | 1964 | 467,507 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Campaign finance requirements
- See also: Campaign finance requirements in Ohio
The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is the only agency authorized to regulate the financing of presidential and other federal campaigns (i.e., campaigns for the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives). The states cannot impose additional requirements on federal candidates. Federal law requires all presidential candidates to file a statement of candidacy within 15 days of receiving contributions or making expenditures that exceed $5,000. The statement of candidacy is the only federally mandated ballot access requirement for presidential candidates; all other ballot access procedures are mandated at the state level. The candidacy statement authorizes "a principal campaign committee to raise and spend funds" on behalf of the candidate. Within 10 days of filing the candidacy statement, the committee must file a statement of organization with the FEC. In addition, federal law establishes contribution limits for presidential candidates. These limits are detailed in the table below. The uppermost row indicates the recipient type; the leftmost column indicates the donor type.[18][19]
| Federal contribution limits, 2023-2024 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts | |
| Individual | $3,300 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $41,300 per year | $123,900 per account, per year |
| Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year |
| Other political action committee | $3,300 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $41,300 per year | $123,900 per account, per year |
| State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $3,300 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $3,300 to the same candidate committee for the general election. Source: Federal Election Commission, "Contribution limits," accessed May 8, 2023 | |||||
Presidential candidate committees are required to file regular campaign finance reports disclosing "all of their receipts and disbursements" either quarterly or monthly. Committees may choose which filing schedule to follow, but they must notify the FEC in writing and "may change their filing frequency no more than once per calendar year."[20]
For contribution limits from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.
| Federal contribution limits, 2019-2020 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts | |
| Individual | $2,800 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,500 per year | $106,500 per account, per year |
| Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year |
| Other political action committee | $2,800 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $35,500 per year | $106,500 per account, per year |
| State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $2,800 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $2,800 to the same candidate committee for the general election. Source: Federal Election Commission, "Contribution limits," accessed August 8, 2019 | |||||
| Federal contribution limits, 2015-2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts | |
| Individual | $2,700 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,400 per year | $100,200 per account, per year |
| Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year |
| Other political action committee | $2,700 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,400 per year | $100,200 per account, per year |
| State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A |
| Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $2,700 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $2,700 to the same candidate committee for the general election. Source: Federal Election Commission, "The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law," updated January 2015 | |||||
Election agencies
Federal Election Commission
- 1050 First Street, NE
- Washington, D.C. 20463
- Telephone: 800-424-9530
- Email: info@fec.gov
Ohio Secretary of State, Elections Division
- 180 East Broad Street, 16th Floor
- Columbus, Ohio 43215
- Telephone: 614-466-2585
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See also
- Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Ohio
- Presidential election, 2024
- Ballot access for presidential candidates
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vote Smart, "Government 101: United States Presidential Primary," accessed June 21, 2023 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "votesmart" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ The Constitution of the United States of America, "Article 2, Section 1," accessed August 3, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Everything you need to know about how the presidential primary works," May 12, 2015
- ↑ FactCheck.org, "Caucus vs. Primary," April 8, 2008
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Archives.gov, "What is the Electoral College?" accessed August 25, 2015
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Archives.gov, "Who are the Electors?" accessed August 25, 2015
- ↑ Archives.gov, "Distribution of Electoral Votes," accessed September 16, 2015
- ↑ Ohio Laws and Rules, "3517.01 Political party definitions.," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ National Association of Secretaries of State, "State Laws Regarding Presidential Ballot Access for the General Election," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ Ohio Secretary of State, "2024 Ohio Presidential Guide," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ Ohio Laws and Rules, "3513.257 Independent candidates statements of candidacy and nominating petitions.," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ This information was confirmed in a correspondence with the Office of the Ohio Secretary of State on September 10, 2015.
- ↑ SSRN, "Sore Loser Laws and Democratic Contestation," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, "“If You Ain’t First, You’re Last”: How State “Sore-Loser” Laws Make It Impossible For Trump To Run A Successful Third-Party Campaign If He Loses The Republican Primary," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 This information comes from research conducted by Richard Winger, publisher and editor of Ballot Access News.
- ↑ Ohio Laws and Rules, "3513.041 Write-in votes.," accessed June 21, 2023
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law," updated January 2015
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Quick Answers to Candidate Questions," accessed August 13, 2015
- ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2016 Reporting Dates," accessed June 17, 2022
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