Ballot access requirements for political candidates in North Carolina

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Note: This article is not intended to serve as an exhaustive guide to running for public office. Individuals should contact their state election agencies for further information.

In order to get on the ballot in North Carolina, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

  1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
  2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
  3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in North Carolina. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, see "Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in North Carolina." Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

DocumentIcon.jpg See state election laws

Year-specific filing information

2024

U.S. Senate

For information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in North Carolina in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2024
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
North Carolina U.S. House Ballot-qualified party N/A $1,740.00 12/15/2023 Source
North Carolina U.S. House Unaffiliated 1.5% of the total number of registered voters in the district $1,740.00 TBD Source


For filing information from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.

Show more

2022

U.S. Senate

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in North Carolina in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
North Carolina U.S. Senate Ballot-qualified party N/A $1,740.00 3/4/2022 Source
North Carolina U.S. Senate Unaffiliated 1.5% of all registered voters who voted in the most recent election for governor $1,740.00 5/17/2022 Source

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in North Carolina in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
North Carolina U.S. House Ballot-qualified party N/A $1,740.00 3/4/2022 Source
North Carolina U.S. House Unaffiliated 1.5% of the total number of registered voters in the district $1,740.00 5/17/2022 Source

2020

U.S. Senate

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in North Carolina in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2020
State Office Party Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
North Carolina U.S. Senate Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina U.S. Senate Unaffiliated 71,545 1.5% of all votes cast for governor in the last election $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 3/3/2020 Source

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in North Carolina in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in North Carolina, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2020
State Office Party Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
North Carolina 10th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 11th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 12th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 13th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 1st Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 2nd Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 3rd Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 4th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 5th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 6th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 7th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 8th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 9th Congressional District Recognized party N/A N/A $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina 10th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 11th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 12th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 13th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 1st Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 2nd Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 3rd Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 4th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 5th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 6th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 7th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 8th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source
North Carolina 9th Congressional District Unaffiliated Unknown (district-level election results unavailable for calculations) 1.5% of registered voters in the district as of January 1, 2020 $1,740.00 1% of annual salary 4/3/2020 Source

State House

The table below details filing requirements for North Carolina House of Representatives candidates in the 2020 election cycle.

Filing requirements for state legislative candidates, 2020
Chamber name Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
North Carolina House of Representatives Qualified party N/A $140.00 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina House of Representatives Unaffiliated 4% of registered voters in the district $140.00 3/3/2020 Source

State Senate

The table below details filing requirements for North Carolina State Senate candidates in the 2020 election cycle.

Filing requirements for state legislative candidates, 2020
Chamber name Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
North Carolina State Senate Qualified party N/A $140.00 12/20/2019 Source
North Carolina State Senate Unaffiliated 4% of registered voters in the district $140.00 3/3/2020 Source

2018

See also: State and federal candidate filing deadlines for 2018 and North Carolina elections, 2018

See below for 2018 candidate filing deadlines.

February 28, 2018

2016

See also: North Carolina elections, 2016

The calendar below lists important dates for political candidates in North Carolina in 2016. On February 19, 2016, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed legislation moving the state's congressional primary from March 15 to June 7, 2016. Consequently, filing deadlines for congressional candidates may vary from those listed below. This calendar will be updated as more information becomes available.

Dates and requirements for candidates in 2016
Deadline Event type Event description
December 1, 2015 Ballot access Filing period for partisan candidates opens
December 21, 2015 Ballot access Filing period for partisan candidates closes
March 7, 2016 Campaign finance First quarter report due
March 15, 2016 Election date Primary election (non-congressional offices)
June 7, 2016 Election date Congressional primary
June 9, 2016 Ballot access Unaffiliated candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices that span more than one county must submit petitions to county boards of election for verification
June 24, 2016 Ballot access Unaffiliated candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices that span more than one county must submit petitions to the state board of elections
June 24, 2016 Ballot access Unaffiliated candidates for state legislative offices that span only one county must submit petitions to the appropriate county board of elections
July 12, 2016 Campaign finance Second quarter report due
July 26, 2016 Ballot access Write-in candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices that span more than one county must submit their petitions to county boards of election for verification
July 29, 2016 Campaign finance Mid-year semi-annual report due
August 10, 2016 Ballot access Write-in candidates for federal, statewide, and state legislative offices that span more than one county must submit their petitions to the state board of elections
August 10, 2016 Ballot access Write-in candidates for state legislative offices that span only one county must submit their petitions to the appropriate county board of elections
October 21, 2016 Campaign finance Third quarter report due
November 8, 2016 Election date General election
January 11, 2017 Campaign finance Fourth quarter report due
January 27, 2017 Campaign finance Year-end semi-annual report due
Sources: North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Candidate Filing," accessed June 12, 2015
North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Fact Sheet: Unaffiliated Candidates, 2016 Election," accessed June 12, 2015
North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Fact Sheet: Write-in Candidates, 2016 Election," accessed June 12, 2015
North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Reporting Schedules," accessed November 25, 2015

2015


2014


Process to become a candidate

For partisan candidates

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 163, Article 10, Section 106 of the North Carolina General Statutes

A partisan candidate must be registered as an affiliate of the party with which he or she intends to campaign. A partisan candidate must also do the following:[2][2]

  • file a notice of candidacy with the appropriate board of elections (state or county-level)
  • file a felony conviction disclosure form
  • provide for payment of required filing fees

Filing fees for primary elections are established by Chapter 163, Article 10, Section 107, of the North Carolina General Statutes. Filing fees formulas are summarized in the table below.[3]

Filing fees
Office How the fee is determined
Governor 1% of the office's annual salary
Lieutenant governor 1% of the office's annual salary
State executive offices 1% of the office's annual salary
United States Senator 1% of the office's annual salary
United States Representative 1% of the office's annual salary
State senator 1% of the office's annual salary
State representative 1% of the office's annual salary

For independent candidates

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 163, Article 11, Section 122 of the North Carolina General Statutes

An unaffiliated candidate must file the same forms and pay the same filing fees as partisan candidates. In addition, the candidate must petition to appear on the ballot. Signature requirements are as follows (additional petition requirements are discussed below).[4][5]

Signature requirements for independent candidates
Office Signature requirement formula
Governor, United States Senator, and other statewide offices 1.5% of the total number of voters who voted in the most recent general election for governor (must include at least 200 signatures from each of three congressional districts)
United States Representative; state House and state Senate seats for districts that cover more than one county 1.5% of the total number of registered voters in the district as of January 1 of the election year
State legislative seats 4% of the total number of registered voters in the district as of January 1 of the election year

For write-in candidates

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 163, Article 11, Section 123 of the North Carolina General Statutes

To be certified, a write-in candidate must submit a declaration of intent and petition. Signature requirements are as follows (additional petition requirements are discussed below).[6]

Signature requirements for write-in candidates
Office Required number of signatures
Governor, United States Senator, and other statewide offices 500
United States Representative; state house and state senate seats for districts that cover more than one county 250
State house and state senate seats for districts that lie within one county If there are 5,000 or more registered voters in the district, 100 signatures; if fewer than 5,000, 1% of the number of registered voters

Write-in candidates do not have to pay filing fees.[7]

Petition requirements

See also: Methods for signing candidate nominating petitions

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 163, Article 19 of the North Carolina General Statutes

In some cases, candidates may need to obtain signatures via the petition process to gain access to the ballot. This section outlines the laws and regulations pertaining to petitions and circulators.

Circulation requirements

Notice of circulation of a petition must be registered with the county board of elections with which the petition is to be filed. The date of registration of the notice is considered the date of issuance and commencement of circulation of the petition.[8]

The relevant statutes do not stipulate a date on which petitions may begin to circulate, but petitions are deemed void one year after the date the notice of circulation is registered with the county board of elections. No person may sign the name of another person to a petition. The statutes do not address circulator requirements.[8]

Noteworthy events

2018

SB 486

On June 4, 2018, the North Carolina House of Representatives approved SB 486, legislation barring a candidate whose name appeared on a primary election ballot from having his or her name printed on the corresponding general election ballot as a candidate of another party. The North Carolina State Senate followed suit on June 5, 2018. Governor Roy Cooper (D) vetoed the bill on June 15, 2018, but the state Senate and House overrode the veto on June 19, 2018, and June 20, 2018, respectively. The bill took effect on June 20, 2018.[9]

The Constitution Party of North Carolina and three of its candidates for office in 2018 filed suit in federal district court. They argued that the enactment of SB 486, which resulted in the removal of the candidates' names from the general election ballot, violated their free speech, associational, and due process rights under the United States Constitution. The candidates in question, who had run in Republican and Democratic primaries on May 8, 2018, were subsequently selected as general election nominees by the Constitution Party. This occurred before the enactment of SB 486. Upon the enactment of SB 486, the state elections board retroactively decertified the three Constitution Party candidates, removing their names from the general election ballot.[10]

On August 22, 2018, Judge Louise Flanagan, of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, determined that state officials had violated the plaintiffs' constitutional rights by imposing retroactive requirements upon them. Flanagan ordered the candidates' names to be printed on the general election ballot. Flanagan barred the state from implementing the law pending resolution of the litigation.[11]

SB 3

On July 24, 2018, the North Carolina State Senate approved SB 3, legislation requiring a judicial candidate to be affiliated with a party for a minimum of 90 days before the candidate filing deadline in order to have the designation of that party appear alongside his or her name on the ballot. The North Carolina House of Representatives followed suit later the same day. Governor Roy Cooper (D) vetoed the legislation on July 27, 2018, explaining his veto as follows in a statement: "Changing the rules for candidates are the filing has closed is unlawful and wrong[.] ... All judge elections should be free of partisanship, and continued undermining of these elections creates confusion and shows contempt for the judiciary." House Speaker Tim Moore (R) and Senate Majority Leader Phil Berger (R) issued a joint statement criticizing Cooper's veto: "The governor's outlandish claim that ... conforming the filing requirements for judicial candidates to every other public office in the state, is somehow 'rigging the system' is a poor attempt to protect political gamesmanship by his party." On August 4, 2018, both the state House and Senate voted to override the veto. As a result, SB 3 became law.[12][13][14]

Christopher Anglin, a Republican state supreme court candidate whose party designation would not appear on the ballot as a result of SB 3 because he affiliated with the Republican Party less than 90 days before the filing deadline, filed suit in state court, seeking a stay against implementation of SB3. On August 13, 2018, state superior court Judge Rebecca Waters Holt granted the stay. Holt found the law "eliminates Plaintiff's vested right to have his party affiliation listed on the ballot while allowing other candidates in the same, specific race to have their party affiliations listed on the ballot," in violation of due process and associational rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution. The following day, state Republicans appealed Holt's decision to the North Carolina Court of Appeals. On August 28, 2018, Republicans abandoned the appeal. This allowed for the suspension of the law in the 2018 cycle.[15][16][17]

2017

On October 17, 2017, SB 656 became law, enacting a series of changes to North Carolina's ballot access provisions for political parties and unaffiliated political candidates. The bill first cleared the North Carolina State Senate on April 26, 2017. The North Carolina House of Representatives approved an amended version of the bill on June 28, 2017. A conference committee was convened to reconcile differences between the two versions of the bill. The conference committee submitted its report on SB 656 on October 4, 2017. The conference committee version of the bill was approved by the House and Senate on October 5, 2017. Governor Roy Cooper (D) vetoed the bill on October 9, 2017. On October 15, 2017, the Senate voted to override Cooper's veto, and the House followed suit the next day. The law's provisions took effect on January 1, 2018.[5][18][19]

As enacted, SB 656 provided for the following changes to ballot access law:[5][20][21]

  1. The signature requirement for new political party formation petitions was reduced from 2 percent of the total number of voters who voted in the most recent gubernatorial election to 0.25 percent of that group.
  2. A new means of political party formation was established: A political party may be formed by "any group of voters which shall have filed with the State Board of Elections documentation that the group of voters had a candidate nominated by that group on the general election ballot of at least seventy percent (70%) of the states in the prior Presidential election."
  3. The petition signature requirement for unaffiliated statewide candidates was reduced from 2 percent of the total number of voters who voted in the last gubernatorial election to 1.5 percent of that group. The filing deadline was changed from the second Wednesday prior to the primary election to the day of the primary election.
  4. The petition signature requirement for unaffiliated district candidates (other than state legislative candidates) was reduced from 4 percent of the total number of registered voters in the district to 1.5 percent of that group. The filing deadline was changed from the second Wednesday prior to the primary election to the day of the primary election.
  5. For unaffiliated state legislative candidates, the petition signature requirement was unchanged by the law. The filing deadline was changed from the second Wednesday prior to the primary election to the day of the primary election.

For the full text of the law as enacted, click here.

Election-related agencies

Seal of North Carolina
See also: State election agencies

North Carolina State Board of Elections

506 North Harrington St.
Raleigh, North Carolina 27603-1326
Main phone number: 919-733-7173
Toll-free: 1-866-522-4723
Fax: 919-715-0135
Website: http://www.sboe.state.nc.us/
Email: elections.sboe@ncsbe.gov

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Term limits

State executives

State Executive Officials
See also: State executives with term limits and States with gubernatorial term limits

State executive term limits are established in Article 3, Section 2, of the North Carolina State Constitution. The state executive term limits in North Carolina are as follows:[22]

  • The governor may serve a total of two consecutive term, after which he or she must wait one term before being eligible to run again.
  • The lieutenant governor may serve a total of two consecutive terms, after which he or she must wait one term before being eligible to run again.

State legislators

See also: State legislatures with term limits

There are no term limits placed on North Carolina state legislators.

Congressional partisanship

Portal:Legislative Branch
See also: List of United States Representatives from North Carolina and List of United States Senators from North Carolina

Below is the current partisan breakdown of the congressional delegation from North Carolina.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from North Carolina
Party U.S. Senate U.S. House Total
Democratic 0 7 7
Republican 2 7 9
Independent 0 0 0
Vacancies 0 0 0
Total 2 14 16

State legislative partisanship

Portal:State legislatures

Below is the current partisan breakdown of the state legislature of North Carolina.

North Carolina State Senate

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 20
     Republican Party 30
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 50

North Carolina House of Representatives

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 48
     Republican Party 72
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 120

Related legislation

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The embedded table below lists state bills affecting ballot access requirements for candidates introduced in North Carolina. The following information is included for each bill:

  • State
  • Bill number
  • Official name or caption
  • Most recent action date
  • Legislative status
  • Topics dealt with by the bill

Bills are organized alphabetically, first by state and then by bill number. To view additional results, use the arrows in the upper-right corner of the table. For more information about a particular bill, simply click the bill number. This will open a separate page with additional information.

Ballotpedia’s comprehensive Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker is the basis for this data. This user-friendly tracker covers thousands of election-related bills in state legislatures, and organizes them by topic with neutral, expert analysis from Ballotpedia’s election administration researchers.

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See also

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External links

Official state and federal links

Other information

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 North Carolina State Board of Elections, "2014 Election Calendar," accessed November 18, 2013
  2. 2.0 2.1 North Carolina General Statutes, "Chapter 163, Article 10, Section 106," accessed December 9, 2013
  3. North Carolina General Statutes, "Chapter 163, Article 10, Section 107," accessed December 9, 2013
  4. North Carolina General Statutes, "Chapter 163, Article 11, Section 122," accessed December 9, 2013
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 General Assembly of North Carolina, "Senate Bill 656," accessed October 18, 2017
  6. North Carolina General Statutes, "Chapter 163, Article 11, Section 123," accessed December 9, 2013
  7. North Carolina State Board of Elections, "Fact Sheet: Write-in Candidates 2014 Election," accessed December 9, 2013
  8. 8.0 8.1 North Carolina General Statutes, "Chapter 163, Article 19," accessed December 31, 2013
  9. General Assembly of North Carolina, "Senate Bill 486 / SL 2018-13," accessed September 11, 2018
  10. United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, "Poindexter v. Strach: Order," August 22, 2018
  11. Ballot Access News, "North Carolina Constitution Party Wins Ballot Access Lawsuit," August 22, 2018
  12. NC Governor Roy Cooper, "Governor Cooper Vetoes GOP Deception Session Legislation," July 27, 2018
  13. Ballot Access News, "North Carolina Legislature Overrides Veto of Bill on Party Labels for Judicial Candidates," August 4, 2018
  14. Governing, "North Carolina Governor Vetoes 2 Election Bills Affecting Midterms," July 30, 2018
  15. General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division, North Carolina, Wake County, "Anglin v. Berger: Order Granting Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Injunction," August 13, 2018
  16. Ballot Access News, "North Carolina Republican Legislative Leaders File an Appeal of Ballot Label Ruling," August 14, 2018
  17. Supreme Court of North Carolina, "Anglin v. Berger: Defendants Berger and Moore's Notice Regarding Court of Appeals Order," August 28, 2018
  18. General Assembly of North Carolina, "Senate Bill 656 / S.L. 2017-214," accessed October 18, 2017
  19. Ballot Access News, "North Carolina Ballot Access Bill Enacted into Law," October 17, 2017
  20. General Assembly of North Carolina, "Senate Bill 656 / S.L. 2017-214," accessed October 18, 2017
  21. Ballot Access News, "North Carolina Ballot Access Bill Enacted into Law," October 17, 2017
  22. North Carolina State Constitution, "Article 3, Section 2," accessed December 31, 2013