Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Florida

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Note: This article is not intended to serve as an exhaustive guide to running for public office. Individuals should contact their state election agencies for further information.

In order to get on the ballot in Florida, a candidate for state or federal office must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements well in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for office in a state.

  1. An individual can seek the nomination of a state-recognized political party.
  2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent candidates often must petition in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.
  3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.

This article outlines the steps that prospective candidates for state-level and congressional office must take in order to run for office in Florida. For information about filing requirements for presidential candidates, see "Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Florida." Information about filing requirements for local-level offices is not available in this article (contact state election agencies for information about local candidate filing processes).

DocumentIcon.jpg See state election laws

Year-specific filing information

2024

U.S. Senate

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in Florida in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2024
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida U.S. Senate Ballot-qualified party 144,419[1] $10,440.00 4/26/2024 Source
Florida U.S. Senate Unaffiliated 144,419[2] $6,960.00 4/26/2024 Source

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Florida in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2024
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida U.S. House Ballot-qualified party 2,568[3] $10,440.00 4/26/2024 Source
Florida U.S. House Unaffiliated 2,568[4] $6,960.00 4/26/2024 Source


For filing information from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.

Show more

2022

U.S. Senate

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in Florida in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida U.S. Senate Ballot-qualified party 144,419 $10,440.00 6/17/2022 Source
Florida U.S. Senate Unaffiliated 144,419 $6,960.00 6/17/2022 Source

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Florida in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida U.S. House Ballot-qualified party 2,568[5] $10,440.00 6/17/2022 Source
Florida U.S. House Unaffiliated 2,568[6] $6,960.00 6/17/2022 Source

Governor

The table below details filing requirements for gubernatorial candidates in Florida in the 2022 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for gubernatorial candidates, 2022
State Office Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source Notes
Florida Governor Ballot-qualified party 144,419 $8,050.86 6/17/2022 Source Petition signatures only required in lieu of filing fee.
Florida Governor Unaffiliated 144,419 $5,367.24 6/17/2022 Source Petition signatures only required in lieu of filing fee.

2020

U.S. House

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. House candidates in Florida in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Florida, click here.

Filing requirements for U.S. House candidates, 2020
State Office Party Signatures required Signature formula Filing fee Filing fee formula Filing deadline Source
Florida 10th Congressional District Qualified party 4,683 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 10th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,683 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 11th Congressional District Qualified party 5,622 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 11th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,622 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 12th Congressional District Qualified party 5,331 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 12th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,331 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 13th Congressional District Qualified party 4,953 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 13th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,953 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 14th Congressional District Qualified party 4,718 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 14th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,718 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 15th Congressional District Qualified party 4,795 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 15th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,795 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 16h Congressional District Qualified party 5,559 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 16h Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,559 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 17th Congressional District Qualified party 4,978 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 17th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,978 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 18th Congressional District Qualified party 5,303 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 18th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,303 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 19th Congressional District Qualified party 5,052 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 19th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,052 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 1st Congressional District Qualified party 5,381 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 1st Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,381 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 20th Congressional District Qualified party 4,288 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 20th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,288 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 21st Congressional District Qualified party 4,935 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 21st Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,935 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 22nd Congressional District Qualified party 4,906 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 22nd Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,906 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 23rd Congressional District Qualified party 4,729 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 23rd Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,729 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 24th Congressional District Qualified party 4,017 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 24th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,017 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 25th Congressional District Qualified party 3,749 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 25th Congressional District Unaffiliated 3,749 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 26th Congressional District Qualified party 4,252 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 26th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,252 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 27th Congressional District Qualified party 4,110 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 27th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,110 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 2nd Congressional District Qualified party 4,824 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 2nd Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,824 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 3rd Congressional District Qualified party 4,970 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 3rd Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,970 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 4th Congressional District Qualified party 5,772 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 4th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,772 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 5th Congressional District Qualified party 4,531 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 5th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,531 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 6th Congressional District Qualified party 5,479 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 6th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,479 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 7th Congressional District Qualified party 4,952 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 7th Congressional District Unaffiliated 4,952 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 8th Congressional District Qualified party 5,466 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 8th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,466 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 9th Congressional District Qualified party 5,440 1% of registered voters in the district $10,440.00 6% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source
Florida 9th Congressional District Unaffiliated 5,440 1% of registered voters in the district $6,960.00 4% of annual salary 4/24/2020 Source

State House

The table below details filing requirements for Florida House of Representatives candidates in the 2020 election cycle.

Filing requirements for state legislative candidates, 2020
Chamber name Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida House of Representatives Qualified party N/A $1,781.82 6/12/2020 Source
Florida House of Representatives Unaffiliated N/A $1,187.88 6/12/2020 Source

State Senate

The table below details filing requirements for Florida State Senate candidates in the 2020 election cycle.

Filing requirements for state legislative candidates, 2020
Chamber name Party Signatures required Filing fee Filing deadline Source
Florida State Senate Qualified party N/A $1,781.82 6/12/2020 Source
Florida State Senate Unaffiliated N/A $1,187.88 6/12/2020 Source

2018

See also: State and federal candidate filing deadlines for 2018 and Florida elections, 2018

See below for 2018 candidate filing deadlines.

June 22, 2018

2016

See also: Florida elections, 2016

The calendar below lists important filing deadlines for political candidates in 2016.[7]

Dates and requirements for candidates in 2016
Deadline Event type Event description
January 11, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
February 10, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
March 10, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
March 15, 2016 Election date Presidential primary election
April 4, 2016 Ballot access Deadline for judicial, state attorney and public defender candidates qualifying by petition to submit completed petitions to supervisors of elections
April 11, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
May 2, 2016 Ballot access Qualifying period for judicial, state attorney and public defender candidates begins
May 6, 2016 Ballot access Qualifying period for judicial, state attorney and public defender candidates ends
May 10, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
May 23, 2016 Ballot access Deadline for federal, state representative, state senate, county office and special district candidates qualifying by petition to submit completed petitions to supervisors of elections
June 10, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
June 20, 2016 Ballot access Qualifying period for federal, state representative, state senate, county office and special district candidates begins
June 24, 2016 Ballot access Qualifying period for federal, state representative, state senate, county office and special district candidates ends
July 1, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
July 15, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
July 29, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
August 4, 2016 Campaign finance Termination report due, if applicable
August 5, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
August 12, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
August 19, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
August 26, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
August 30, 2016 Election date Primary election
September 9, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
September 22, 2016 Campaign finance Termination report due, if applicable
September 23, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
October 7, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
October 14, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
October 21, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
October 28, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
November 4, 2016 Campaign finance Campaign finance report due
November 8, 2016 Election date General election
November 28, 2016 Campaign finance Termination report due, if applicable
February 6, 2017 Campaign finance Termination report due, if applicable
Sources: Florida Division of Elections, "2015-2017 Election Dates Calendar," June 4, 2015
Florida Division of Elections, "Calendar of Reporting Dates for 2016 Candidates Registered with the Division of Elections," accessed January 11, 2016

2015


2014


Process to become a candidate

Statement of candidate form, 2013

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 99 of the Florida Statutes

In Florida, a candidate cannot file for more than one office at a time if the terms of those offices run concurrently. Thus, any elected public official wishing to run for office must resign if the term of that office will run concurrently with the office the official currently holds.[12]

Qualifying as a candidate

Major party, minor party, and unaffiliated candidates in Florida file in the same way. All qualifying paperwork and filing fees must be submitted to the Florida Department of State, Division of Elections, during the qualifying period corresponding to the office being sought. Qualifying periods are as follows:[9]

  1. For candidates seeking federal office, state attorney, or public defender, filing may begin after noon on the 120th day prior to the primary election and must be completed no later than noon on the 116th day before the primary election.
  2. For candidates seeking state office, other than state attorney or public defender, filing may begin after noon on the 71st day before the primary election and must be completed no later than noon on the 67th day before the primary election.
  • During a year in which the Florida State Legislature apportions the state, all candidates must file during the qualifying period designated for those seeking state office.

During the qualifying period, every candidate must file a full and public disclosure of financial interests, a form designating a campaign treasurer and campaign depository, qualifying fees or in-lieu-of-fee petitions, and a candidate oath. The candidate oath must be administered by the qualifying officer and must be signed in its written form by both the candidate and the qualifying officer, affirming the following:[12][13]

  1. The candidate is a registered voter.
  2. The candidate is qualified to run for and hold the office being sought.
  3. The candidate has not qualified for any other office in the state that runs for the same term as the office sought.
  4. The candidate has resigned from any other public office whose term would run at the same time as the office being sought.
  5. The assessment fee has been paid.
  6. If running with a political party, the candidate has not been a registered member of any other political party for 365 days before the beginning of the qualifying period.

Candidate filing fees

In Florida, candidates are required to pay filing fees and election assessment fees to the Division of Elections when qualifying. A party assessment fee may also be required, if the party the candidate is running with elects to levy one. For political party candidates, total fees are equal to 6 percent of the annual salary of the office being sought (i.e., a 3 percent filing fee, a 1 percent election assessment, and a 2 percent party assessment). For unaffiliated candidates, total fees are equal to 4 percent of the annual salary of the office being sought. (i.e., a 3 percent filing fee and a 1 percent election assessment).[14]

A candidate may waive the required filing fees if he or she submits an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition with signatures equal to at least 1 percent of the total number of registered voters in the geographical area represented by the office being sought. Signatures for this petition may not be collected until the candidate has filed the appointment of campaign treasurer and designation of campaign depository form, and the completed petition must be filed by the 28th day preceding the first day of the qualifying period for the office being sought. This petition must be filed with the supervisor of elections in each county in which the petition was circulated in order to verify the signatures. The supervisor of elections in the county must then certify the number of valid signatures to the Florida Division of Elections no later than seven days prior to the first day of the corresponding qualifying period.[15]

Write-in candidates

A write-in candidate is not entitled to have his or her name printed on any ballots, but a space is provided for voters to write in a candidate's name on the general election ballot. A candidate may not qualify as a write-in candidate if he or she has qualified to run for public office by other means.[9][16]

A write-in candidate is required to file a candidate oath with the Florida Division of Elections. This is due during the standard qualifying period for the office being sought. A write-in candidate is not required to pay any filing fees.[9][13]

At the time of qualifying, the write-in candidate must reside within the district represented by the office being sought.[17]

Petition requirements

See also: Methods for signing candidate nominating petitions

In some cases, political parties and/or candidates may need to obtain signatures via the petition process to gain ballot access. This section outlines the laws and regulations pertaining to petitions and circulators in Florida.

Format requirements

In Florida, petitions are used by candidates to waive filing fees. To do this, candidates are required to use "Form DS-DE 104, Candidate Petition." If reproduced, the wording and format of this form must be kept exact.[18]

Candidates file completed petitions with the supervisors of elections in the counties in which the petitions were circulated. When filing, candidates must pay in advance to have their petitions verified. They must pay the sum of 10 cents per signature verified, or the actual cost of checking each signature, whichever is less. A candidate may submit an "Undue Burden Oath" if he or she cannot afford to pay to have the petitions verified; however, if the candidate paid a circulator to circulate the petition, that candidate may not file an "Undue Burden Oath." Petition fees may be paid in any of the following ways:[18][19][20]

  • with a campaign check or the campaign's petty cash
  • with personal funds

Alternatively, someone else may pay the verification fee and be reimbursed by the campaign.

Circulation requirements

There is nothing in the Florida Statutes that prohibits a candidate from paying a circulator to collect signatures for the candidate's petition. There are no residency requirements for circulators.[18]

Noteworthy events

2018

On May 24, 2018, Democrats filed suit against Ken Detzner (R), in his capacity as secretary of state, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, alleging that Florida's ballot ordering law, which stipulates that candidates belonging to the same party as the governor be listed first on the ballot, unduly burdens candidates belonging to other parties, violating the Equal Protection Clause of the Amendment XIV, United States Constitution. The plaintiffs alleged that this provision of state law unfairly benefits the governor's party, violating the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The plaintiffs requested that the court bar state officials from enforcing the ballot ordering law beginning with the 2018 election cycle.[21]

Election-related agencies

See also: State election agencies

Florida Division of Elections

Room 316, R. A. Gray Building
500 South Bronough Street
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
Telephone: 850-245-6200
Fax: 850-245-6217
Website: http://election.dos.state.fl.us/
U.S. Vote Foundation Logo.jpeg

Do you need information about elections in your area? Are you looking for your local election official? Click here to visit the U.S. Vote Foundation and use their election official lookup tool.

Term limits

Florida state executives and legislators are subject to term limits. These limits were established by Revision No. 11, proposed by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission and adopted in 1998 by Amendment 9, which was passed by voters in 1992.

State executives

State Executive Officials
See also: State executives with term limits and States with gubernatorial term limits

The state executive term limits in Florida are as follows:[22]

State legislators

See also: State legislatures with term limits

A politician in Florida can serve in the state legislature for eight years, serving either four two-year terms in the Florida House of Representatives or two four-year terms in the Florida State Senate.[23]

Congressional partisanship

Portal:Legislative Branch
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida and List of United States Senators from Florida

Below is the current partisan breakdown of the congressional delegation from Florida.

Congressional Partisan Breakdown from Florida
Party U.S. Senate U.S. House Total
Democratic 0 8 8
Republican 2 20 22
Independent 0 0 0
Vacancies 0 0 0
Total 2 28 30

State legislative partisanship

Portal:State legislatures

Below is the current partisan breakdown of the state legislature of Florida.

Florida State Senate

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 12
     Republican Party 28
     Other 0
     Vacancies 0
Total 40

Florida House of Representatives

Party As of January 2024
     Democratic Party 35
     Republican Party 84
     Other 0
     Vacancies 1
Total 120

Related legislation

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The embedded table below lists state bills affecting ballot access requirements for candidates introduced in Florida. The following information is included for each bill:

  • State
  • Bill number
  • Official name or caption
  • Most recent action date
  • Legislative status
  • Topics dealt with by the bill

Bills are organized alphabetically, first by state and then by bill number. To view additional results, use the arrows in the upper-right corner of the table. For more information about a particular bill, simply click the bill number. This will open a separate page with additional information.

Ballotpedia’s comprehensive Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker is the basis for this data. This user-friendly tracker covers thousands of election-related bills in state legislatures, and organizes them by topic with neutral, expert analysis from Ballotpedia’s election administration researchers.

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See also

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External links

Official state and federal links

Other information

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of filing fee.
  2. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of filing fee.
  3. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of a filing fee.
  4. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of a filing fee.
  5. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of a filing fee.
  6. ↑ Petition signatures only required in lieu of a filing fee.
  7. ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "2015-2017 Election Dates Calendar," June 4, 2015
  8. ↑ Florida Department of State Division of Elections, "2013-2014 Dates to Remember," accessed November 6, 2013
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 061," accessed December 2, 2014
  10. ↑ Ballotpedia phone call with Florida Department of State, Division of Elections on September 11, 2013
  11. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 106, Section 07," accessed March 11, 2014
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 97, Section 012," accessed March 10, 2014
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 021," accessed March 10, 2014
  14. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 092," accessed March 10, 2014
  15. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 095," accessed March 10, 2014
  16. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 061," accessed March 10, 2014
  17. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 0615," accessed March 10, 2014
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Florida Department of State Division of Elections, "Candidate Petition Handbook," Updated September 2013
  19. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 095," accessed March 10, 2014
  20. ↑ Florida Statutes, "Title IX, Chapter 99, Section 097," accessed March 11, 2014
  21. ↑ United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, "Jacobson v. Detzner: Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief," May 24, 2018
  22. ↑ Florida Constitution, "Article IV, Section 5," accessed November 6, 2013
  23. ↑ Florida Department of State Division of Elections, "Limited Political Terms In Certain Elective Offices, Ballot Summary, " accessed November 6, 2013
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