Alaska State Legislature
| Alaska State Legislature | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type: | State legislature |
| Term limits: | None |
| Session start: | January 16, 2024 |
| Website: | Official Legislature Page |
| Leadership | |
| Senate President: | Gary Stevens (R) |
| House Speaker: | Cathy Tilton (R) |
| Majority Leader: | Senate: Shelley Hughes (R) House: TBD |
| Minority Leader: | Senate: TBD House: TBD |
| Structure | |
| Members: | 20 (Senate), 40 (House) |
| Length of term: | 4 years (Senate), 2 years (House) |
| Authority: | Art II, Alaska Constitution |
| Salary: | $50,400/year + per diem |
| Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Next election: | November 5, 2024 |
| Redistricting: | Alaska Redistricting Board |
Meeting place: | |
The Alaska State Legislature is the legislative branch of the government of Alaska. It is a bicameral institution, consisting of the lower Alaska House of Representatives, with 40 members, and the upper house Alaska State Senate, with 20 members. With a total of 60 lawmakers, the Alaska Legislature is the smallest bicameral state legislature in the United States, due to factors including the geographic size of the state, and the state's small population.
The Alaska Legislature meets in the State Capitol building in Juneau.[1]
Alaska has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and the upper chamber of the state legislature. Control of the lower chamber of the state legislature is split between parties.
Elections
2024
Elections for the Alaska State Senate will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 20, 2024. The filing deadline is June 1, 2024.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives will take place in 2024. The general election is on November 5, 2024. A primary is August 20, 2024. The filing deadline is June 1, 2024.
2022
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 16, 2022. The filing deadline was June 1, 2022.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for August 16, 2022. The filing deadline was June 1, 2022.
2020
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 1, 2020.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2020. The general election was held on November 3, 2020. A primary was scheduled for August 18, 2020. The filing deadline was June 1, 2020.
2018
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2018. A hybrid primary election took place on August 21, 2018.[2] The general election was held on November 6, 2018.[3] The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2018. The deadline for independent and minor party candidates to submit signatures was August 21, 2018.[4]
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2018. A hybrid primary election took place on August 21, 2018.[5] The general election was held on November 6, 2018.[6] The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2018. The deadline for independent and minor party candidates to submit signatures was August 21, 2018.[7]
2016
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 16, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2016.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2016. The primary election took place on August 16, 2016, and the general election was held on November 8, 2016. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2016.
2014
Elections for the Alaska State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 19, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 2, 2014.
Elections for the Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2014. A primary election took place on August 19, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was June 2, 2014.
2012
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 28, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2012.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2012. The primary election was held on August 28, 2012, and the general election was held on November 6, 2012. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2012.
2010
Elections for the office of Alaska State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 24, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2010.
Elections for the office of Alaska House of Representatives took place in 2010. The primary election was held on August 24, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was June 1, 2010.
Sessions
Section 8 of Article II of the Alaska Constitution contains provisions relating to the timing and length of sessions. However, the provisions related to the convening date of the Legislature have been changed by law, and the provisions limiting the length of legislative sessions have been changed by the Alaska 90-Day Legislative Session Amendment. This amendment was passed in a 2006 ballot initiative, and it limits the regular sessions of the Legislature to ninety days.
Section 9 of Article II allows for special sessions to be called by the governor of Alaska or by a two-thirds vote of the legislators. Special sessions are limited to 30 days.
2024
- See also: 2024 Alaska legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions
In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on January 16, 2024, and adjourn on May 15, 2024.
2023
In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 17, 2023, and adjourn on May 17, 2023.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 18, 2022, and adjourn on May 18, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 19, 2021, and adjourn on May 19, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 21, 2020, and adjourn on May 20, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. On March 29, 2020, the Alaska State Legislature suspended its session, effective immediately and continuing through May 18, 2020. The legislature adjourned on May 20, 2020.[8][9] 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from January 15, 2019, through May 14, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 16, 2018, through May 13, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from January 17, 2017, through May 17, 2017. The legislature held its first special session from May 18, 2017, to June 16, 2017. The legislature held its second special session from June 16, 2017, to July 15, 2017. The legislature held a one-day special session on July 27, 2017. The legislature began its fourth special session on October 23. It ended on November 21. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from January 19 through May 18 (extended session). The legislature held a special session from May 23, 2016, to June 19, 2016. The legislature held a second special session from July 11 to July 18. Major issues in 2016Major issues in the 2016 legislative session included a $3.5 billion budget deficit, a possible state income tax, government cuts, and the formation of a ways and means committee.[10] 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from January 20 through April 27 (Session extended). The first special session was held from April 28 to May 21. The second special session was held from May 21 to June 11. A third special session was held from October 24 to November 5. Major issues in 2015Major issues in the 2015 legislative session included the state budget. Decreasing oil prices created a multi-billion dollar shortfall, so legislators looked to find cuts and improved efficiencies.[11] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 21 to April 20. Major issues in 2014Major issues in the 2014 legislative session included education, the state budget, high energy prices, and a natural gas pipeline.[12] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from January 15 to April 14. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included oil tax reform, state agency performance reviews, and a budget for fiscal year 2014.[13][14] 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in regular session from January 17 to April 15. It was in special session from April 15 to April 30.[15] Major issuesLegislators took up Governor Sean Parnell's (R) suggestion to decrease the oil tax in order to increase economic growth. They also considered a ban on texting while driving, education funding, the state's unfunded pension liability, and whether to extend the legislative session from 90 to 120 days.[16] 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from January 18 to April 17. Lawmakers remained in Juneau from April 18 to May 14 to resolve ongoing disagreements over the state's operating budget; the final compromise included money for a new in-state natural gas pipeline and a $20 million payout to the state's schools.[17] A second special session was held from June 27 to 28 to discuss reauthorization of the state's Coastal Management Program, which was set to expire June 30. Measures to reauthorize the program failed during the regular session.[18] The program ended on schedule after the House failed to pass a Senate proposal to save it.[19] 2010
In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 19th to April 18th. |
Role in state budget
- See also: Alaska state budget and finances
Alaska on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle, with the fiscal year beginning July 1 and ending June 30. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[20]
- Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in July.
- Agencies submit their budget requests to the governor in October.
- The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature by December 15.
- The legislature adopts a budget by a simple majority in April.
The governor is required by statute to submit a balanced budget. Likewise, the legislature is required by statute to pass a balanced budget.[20]
Alaska is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[20]
2010
For the fiscal year 2010, Alaska faced a $1.3 billion budget gap.[21] Alaska’s estimated fiscal year 2011 shortfall was reportedly $677 million.[22] The steep decline in oil prices, the state’s dominant source of revenue, ended their historical annual surplus requiring dipping into its special reserve fund of approximately $8 billion.[23]
The tight economic climate in 2010 also prompted the Legislative Finance Division to complete the Budget Clarification Project, which involved rolling $750 million in "other funds" into the General Operating Fund in an effort to promote transparency and prevent unnecessary earmark spending.[24] As a result of the project, the division discovered several state departments had been routinely siphoning money from the Alaska State Permanent Fund to pay for departmental expenses.[25]
Non-professional Legislature
Unlike other state legislatures with longer sessions, the comparatively short Alaska session allows many lawmakers to retain outside employment, especially in the state's many seasonal industries, such as fishing and tourism. In this, the Alaska Legislature retains some of the volunteer nature that characterized most state legislatures until the middle of the 20th century. This has led to recurring but minor controversy around the potential for conflict of interest inherent in legislators' outside employment.
Legislators
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $50,400/year | $307/day |
When sworn in
Alaska legislators assume office on the third Tuesday of January following their election.[26][27]
Senate
The Alaska Senate is the upper house in the Alaska Legislature. The Senate consists of 20 members.
As of the 2020 Census, Alaska state senators represented an average of 36,804 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 36,076 residents.
Senators serve four-year terms, without term limits. Half of the Alaska Senate is up for re-election every two years. With just 20 Senators, the Alaska Senate is the smallest legislative chamber in the United States.
Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
| Party | As of January 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 9 | |
| Republican Party | 11 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 20 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
A multipartisan governing coalition has controlled the Alaska State Senate since 2022. Following the 2022 elections, the coalition included nine Republicans and eight Democrats.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Alaska Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Alaska State Senate election results: 1992-2022
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06[28] | '08[29] | '10[30] | '12 | '14 | '16 | '18 | '20 | '22[31] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 |
| Republicans | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 11 |
| Independents | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Before 1992
Of the 33 Alaska State Senate elections held between 1958 and 2022, 19 left the Democrats and Republicans within four seats of each other.
House of Representatives
The Alaska House of Representatives is the lower house in the Alaska Legislature. The House is composed of 40 members.
As of the 2020 Census, Alaska state representatives represented an average of 18,402 residents. After the 2010 Census, each member represented 18,038 residents.
Members serve two-year terms without term limits. With 40 Representatives, the Alaskan House is the smallest state legislative lower house in the United States.
| Party | As of January 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 13 | |
| Republican Party | 22 | |
| Independent | 4 | |
| Nonpartisan | 1 | |
| Vacancies | 0 | |
| Total | 40 | |
Click here for a list of members of this chamber.
A multipartisan governing coalition has controlled the Alaska House of Representatives since 2016. These coalitions primarily consisted of Democrats and independents after the 2016, 2018, and 2020 elections. Following the 2022 elections, it consisted primarily of Republicans.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Alaska House following every general election from 1992 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Alaska House of Representatives election results: 1992-2022
| Year | '92 | '94 | '96 | '98 | '00 | '02 | '04 | '06 | '08 | '10 | '12 | '14 | '16[32] | '18[33] | '20[34] | '22[35] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 20 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 |
| Republicans | 18 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 25 | 23 | 21 | 23 | 21 | 21 |
| Independents | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
Before 1992
Alaska gained statehood in 1959, after which Democrats won House majorities in 13 of the 16 elections held between 1960 and 1994. Governing coalitions controlled the chamber after the 1962, 1972, and 1982 elections, each of which elected a Republican speaker.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Alaska are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Two-thirds of members in a joint session.
| Two-thirds of all legislators in a joint session must vote to override a veto, which is 40 of the 60 members in both chambers of the Alaska State Legislature. Alaska is the only state that requires a two-thirds vote from its combined legislative chambers to override a veto. |
How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?
| According to Article II, Section 16 of the Alaska Constitution, bills vetoed following the first year of the legislative session can be overridden during a special session or in the regular session the following year. Bills vetoed following the second regular session can only be overridden in a special session, which can be called by two-thirds of legislators.[36] |
Are there other special rules?
| If the governor vetoes a revenue or appropriation bill, a three-fourths vote by the legislature is required to override the veto, which is 45 of 60 legislators.[37] |
Authority: Article II, Section 16 of the Alaska Constitution.
| "Upon receipt of a veto message during a regular session of the legislature, the legislature shall meet immediately in joint session and reconsider passage of the vetoed bill or item. Bills to raise revenue and appropriation bills or items, although vetoed, become law by affirmative vote of three-fourths of the membership of the legislature. Other vetoed bills become law by affirmative vote of two-thirds of the membership of the legislature." |
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Alaska
Because Alaska has only one congressional district, congressional redistricting is not necessary. A non-politician commission draws state legislative district lines. In place since 1998, Alaska's redistricting commission comprises five members. Two commissioners are appointed by the governor, one by the state Senate majority leader, one by the state House majority leader, and one by the chief justice of the Alaska Supreme Court. State law mandates that commissioners "be chosen without regard to party affiliation." One commissioner must be selected from each of the state's judicial districts.[38]
The Alaska Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous and compact. Furthermore, every state legislative district must contain a "relatively integrated socio-economic area." Each state legislative district is served by one state senator and two state representatives.[38]
2020
Alaska completed its state legislative redistricting on May 24, 2022, when the Alaska Redistricting Board adopted a new map of state Senate districts at the direction of the state supreme court. In its ruling, the Alaska Supreme Court upheld a May 16, 2022, decision by the Third District of Alaska's Superior Court that determined that the mapping of state House districts to Senate ones was unconstitutional and ordered the Alaska Redistricting Board to adopt another proposed plan for pairing the districts. Click here to read more about litigation surrounding Alaska's legislative boundaries. These maps took effect for Alaska's 2022 legislative elections.
Alaska had initially enacted legislative district boundaries on November 10, 2021, following a 3-2 vote by the Alaska Redistricting Board. The three Republican-appointed board members voted in favor of the map and the two nonpartisan board members voted against it.[39] On March 25, 2022, the Alaska Supreme Court ruled that one state House and one state Senate district did not comply with the state constitution and required they be redrawn.[40] The Alaska Redistricting Board adopted new legislative district boundaries to comply with the state supreme court's ruling on April 13, 2022.[41]
2010
Alaska's independent redistricting commission published its state legislative district map on June 13, 2011. This plan was precleared by the United States Department of Justice on October 11, 2011. Ultimately, however, the Alaska Supreme Court ordered the board to draw new lines "first under [the requirements of] the state constitution and only then adjusting for Voting Rights Act compliance where necessary." On April 5, 2011, the commission published a new map, but this too was the subject of a series of court challenges. The state supreme court permitted the use of this map for 2012 elections only. The redistricting commission adopted another state legislative map on July 14, 2013. Lawsuits were filed against the map, but a court ultimately dismissed the challenges, allowing the newly drawn map to stand.[38]
History
Partisan balance 1992-2013
Alaska Senate: From 1992 to 2013, the Republican Party was the majority in the Alaska State Senate for 15 years while the Democrats were the majority for six years. The final three years of the study depicted a shift in the Alaska senate with the first two years being Democrat and the final year (2013) becoming a Republican trifecta.
Across the country, there were 541 Democratic and 517 Republican state senates from 1992 to 2013.
Alaska House of Representatives: From 1992 to 2013, the Republican Party was the majority in the Alaska State House of Representatives for 19 years while the Democrats were the majority for three years. The Alaska State House is one of nine state Houses that was Republican for more than 80 percent of the years between 1992-2013. In the final year of the study (2013), the Alaska House became a Republican trifecta.
Across the country, there were 577 Democratic and 483 Republican State Houses of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.
The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Alaska, the Alaska State Senate and the Alaska House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.
.PNG)
SQLI and partisanship
The chart below depicts the partisanship of the Alaska state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. The only trifecta in Alaska, a Republican trifecta, occurred between the years 2003 and 2006, as well as 2013. The state never had a Democratic trifecta between 1992 and 2012. Between 1995-2002 and 2007-2012, Alaska had divided government. Alaska never placed in the top-10 or bottom-10 in the SQLI ranking. Alaska’s highest SQLI ranking (16th) occurred during divided government, in 2002, while its lowest ranking (37th) occurred in 2011, also under divided government.
- SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: N/A
- SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 32
- SQLI average with divided government: 23.27
Joint legislative committees
- See also: Public policy in Alaska
The Alaska State Legislature has the following joint standing committees:
- Administrative Regulation Review
- Armed Services
- Legislative Budget and Audit
- Legislative Council
- Victims Advocate Selection Committee, Alaska Legislature
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Alaska Constitution can be amended:
The Alaska Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution—a legislative process, and a state constitutional convention. Alaska requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments. Alaskans do not have the power to use a citizen initiative to amend the state's constitution. The power of initiative in Alaska is restricted to proposing state statutes.
Legislature
A two-thirds vote in each legislative chamber of the Alaska State Legislature during one legislative session to refer a constitutional amendment to the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 27 votes in the Alaska House of Representatives and 14 votes in the Alaska State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to Section 3 of Article 13 of the Alaska Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 10 years starting in 1970. Alaska is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.
The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:
| State | Interval | Last question on the ballot | Next question on the ballot |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | 10 years | 2022 | 2032 |
2025 measures:
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.
No measures to list
2024 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.
- See also: Alaska 2024 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.
No measures to list
See also
| Elections | Alaska State Government | State Legislatures | State Politics |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
 |
 |
 |
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Session dates for Alaska legislature, 2010
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed March 23, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Primary Election Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Candidate Filing Forms and Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed March 23, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Primary Election Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Alaska Division of Elections, "Candidate Filing Forms and Information," accessed May 31, 2017
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Alaska Legislature approves $4.5 billion budget plus $1,000 Permanent Fund dividend, then departs Juneau," March 29, 2020
- ↑ Multistate, "2020 Legislative Session Dates," last updated May 20, 2020
- ↑ newsminer.com, "Alaska legislators begin what's shaping up to be long, tough session," January 20, 2016
- ↑ KTUU, "Alaska Legislature to get underway; budget a big issue," January 20, 2015
- ↑ www.newsminer.com/, "Alaska lawmakers prepare for first legislative session of 2014," accessed January 22, 2014
- ↑ juneauempire.com, "Oil taxes to top agenda for next Legislature," accessed April 22, 2015
- ↑ ktuu.com, "Alaska Legislative Session Adjourns," April 15, 2013
- ↑ ncsl.org, "2012 Legislative Session Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "Lingering issues to test Legislature," January 16, 2012
- ↑ Juneau Empire, "Operating budget agreement helps clear way to end of session," May 4, 2011
- ↑ ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ Anchorage Daily News, "House votes down bill to save coastal management program," June 28, 2011
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
- ↑ Center on Budget & Policy Priorities, "New Fiscal Year Brings No Relief From Unprecedented State Budget Problems," September 3, 2009
- ↑ Center on Budget & Policy Priorities, "New Fiscal Year Brings No Relief From Unprecedented State Budget Problems," September 3, 2009
- ↑ Alaska Journal of Commerce, “Parnell says he'll tackle state budget planning with care,” September 18, 2009 (dead link)
- ↑ Alaska Watchdog, "State rolls millions in to general fund," July 15, 2010
- ↑ Alaska Watchdog, "State takes millions from Permanent Fund," July 16, 2010
- ↑ JUSTIA US Law, "Alaska Statutes, Sec. 24.05.080," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Alaska’s Constitution, "A Citizen’s Guide," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ Nine Democrats and six Republicans formed a 15-member governing coalition.
- ↑ Ten Democrats and six Republicans formed a 16-member governing coalition.
- ↑ Ten Democrats and five Republicans formed a 15-member governing coalition.
- ↑ Eight Democrats and nine Republicans formed a 17-member governing coalition.
- ↑ 17 Democrats, three Republicans, and two independents formed a 22-member governing coalition.
- ↑ 15 Democrats, six Republicans, and two independents formed a 23-member governing coalition. One independent was Bryce Edgmon who switched his affiliation from Democratic to unenrolled after the election.
- ↑ 15 Democrats, two Republicans, and four independents formed a 21-member governing coalition. Two Republicans did not join either caucus.
- ↑ 19 Republicans, two Democrats, and two independents formed a 23-member governing coalition.
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Special Sessions," accessed June 28, 2017
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "The Veto Process," accessed June 22, 2017
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 All About Redistricting, "Alaska," accessed April 17, 2015
- ↑ The Midnight Sun, "‘I pray litigation is swift and just.’ Redistricting Board finalizes plan with attempted dig at dissenters," Nov. 10, 2021
- ↑ Alaska Supreme Court, "In the Matter of the 2021 Redistricting Cases," March 25, 2022
- ↑ Alaska Redistricting Board, "Amended Proclamation of Redistricting," April 13, 2022
| |||||||||||
