Alabama State Senate
| Alabama State Senate | |
 | |
| General Information | |
| Party control: | Republican |
| Session start: | February 6, 2024 |
| Session end: | May 20, 2024 |
| Term length: | 4 years |
| Term limits: | None |
| Redistricting: | Legislature-dominant |
| Salary: | $53,913/year |
| Members | |
| Total: | 35 |
| Democrats: | 8 |
| Republicans: | 26 |
| Other: | 0 |
| Vacancies: | 1 |
| Leadership | |
| President: | Will Ainsworth (R) |
| Maj. Leader: | Steve Livingston (R) |
| Min. Leader: | Bobby Singleton (D) |
| Elections | |
| Last election: | November 8, 2022 |
| Next election: | November 3, 2026 |
The Alabama State Senate is the upper chamber of the Alabama State Legislature. Alongside the Alabama House of Representatives, it forms the legislative branch of the Alabama state government and works alongside the governor of Alabama to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Alabama State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.
The Alabama State Senate meets in the Alabama State House in Montgomery, Alabama.
Alabama has a Republican trifecta. The Republican Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature. |
This page contains the following information on the Alabama State Senate.
- Which party controls the chamber
- The chamber's current membership
- Partisan control of the chamber over time
- Elections in the chamber and how vacancies are filled
- A district map
- How redistricting works in the state
- Legislation currently under consideration
- Legislative session dates
- Legislative procedures, such as veto overrides and the state budget process
- A list of committees
Party control
Current partisan control
The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Alabama State Senate as of January 2024:
| Party | As of January 2024 | |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 26 | |
| Other | 0 | |
| Vacancies | 1 | |
| Total | 35 | |
Members
Leadership
The Lieutenant Governor serves as ex officio president of the Senate but can only vote in the event of a tie. The president pro tempore holds the chief leadership position in the Senate, is elected from the Senate membership during each organizational session, and serves in the absence of the president of the Senate.[1][2]
Leadership and members
- Senate president: Will Ainsworth (R)
- Senate president pro tempore: Greg Reed (R)
- Majority leader: Steve Livingston (R)
- Minority leader: Bobby Singleton (D)
Salaries
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $53,913/year | No per diem is paid to legislators whose permanent residence is less than six hours away. Legislators who are 6-12 hrs from their permanent residence receive $12.75/day. Legislators who are over 12 hours away with no overnight receive $34/day. |
Swearing in dates
Alabama's state senators assume office the day following their election.[3]
Membership qualifications
Members of the state Senate must be at least 25 years of age at the time of their election, U.S. citizens, residents of the State of Alabama for at least three years, and residents of their district at least one year prior to the general election.[4]
Historical party control
Republicans won control of the Alabama State Senate in 2010. In 2022, they won a 27-8 majority.
The table below shows the partisan history of the Alabama Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.
Alabama State Senate election results: 1990-2022
| Year | '90 | '94 | '98 | '02 | '06 | '10 | '14 | '18 | '22 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democrats | 28 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 23 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Republicans | 7 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 22 | 26 | 27 | 27 |
Before 1990
Democrats held majorities over the Whig Party for most of the early 1800s. After a brief period of Republican control following the Civil War, Democrats began winning large majorities. From 1902 to 1978, the Democratic advantage over Republicans never fell below 34-1. Republicans won three seats in the chamber in 1983 through special elections that were ordered after a federal court struck down the 1982 legislative map for violating the 1965 Voting Rights Act.[5][6]
Trifecta history
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Alabama was under the following types of trifecta control:
- Democratic trifecta: 1993-1994, 1999-2002
- Republican trifecta: 2011-2023
- Divided government: 1992, 1995-1998, 2003-2010
Alabama Party Control: 1992-2024
Six years of Democratic trifectas • Fourteen years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | R | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Senate | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
Elections
Elections by year
Alabama state senators serve four-year terms, with all seats up for election every four years. Alabama holds elections for its legislature every four years in even-numbered years.
2022
- See also: Alabama State Senate elections, 2022
Elections for the Alabama State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for May 24, 2022, and a primary runoff was scheduled for June 21, 2022. The filing deadline was January 28, 2022.
In the 2022 elections, Republicans maintained their 27-8 majority.
| Alabama State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 8, 2022 | After November 9, 2022 | |
| Democratic Party | 8 | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 27 | 27 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | |
2018
- See also: Alabama State Senate elections, 2018
Elections for the Alabama State Senate took place in 2018. An open primary election took place on June 5, 2018.[7] A primary runoff election took place on July 17, 2018. The general election was held on November 6, 2018.[8] The candidate filing deadline was February 9, 2018.[9]
In the 2018 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Alabama State Senate from 26-8 to 27-8.
| Alabama State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 8 | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 26 | 27 | |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | |
2014
- See also: Alabama State Senate elections, 2014
Elections for the Alabama State Senate took place in 2014. A primary election took place on June 3, 2014; a runoff election took place where necessary on July 15, 2014. The general election was held on November 4, 2014. The signature filing deadline for candidates wishing to run in this election was February 7, 2014.
In the 2014 elections, Republicans maintained control of the Alabama State Senate. Republicans increased their majority from 23-11 with one independent to 26-8 with one independent.
| Alabama State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 3, 2014 | After November 4, 2014 | |
| Democratic Party | 11 | 8 | |
| Republican Party | 23 | 26 | |
| Independent | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 35 | 35 | |
| Click [show] to see election information dating back to 2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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2010
Elections for the office of Alabama State Senate took place in 2010. The primary election was held on April 2, 2010, and the general election was held on November 2, 2010. The candidate filing deadline was April 2, 2010. All 35 Senate seats were up for election in 2010. Heading into the election, Democrats held a 20-15 majority. Democrats lost eight seats in the election. Republicans gained control of the chamber with a 22-12 majority as a result of the 2010 elections.
2006
Elections for the office of Alabama State Senate took place in 2006. The primary election was held on June 6, 2006, and the general election was held on November 7, 2006. All 35 Senate seats were up for election in 2006. During the 2006 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $24,792,035. The top 10 contributors were:[11]
2002
Elections for the office of Alabama State Senate took place in 2002. The primary election was held on June 6, 2002, and the general election was held on November 7, 2002. All 35 Senate seats were up for election in 2002. During the 2002 election, the total value of contributions to Senate candidates was $15,536,155. The top 10 contributors were:[12]
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Vacancies
If there is a vacancy in the Alabama State Legislature, a special election must generally be conducted in order to fill the vacant seat. In the event that a vacancy occurs on or after October 1 in the year of a regular election, the seat will remain vacant until filled at the regular election. Otherwise, the governor must call for a special election if the vacancy happens before the next scheduled general election and the Legislature is in session.[13][14] The governor has all discretion in setting the date of the election along with the nominating deadlines.[14]
See sources: Alabama Code § 17-15-1
District map
- See also: Alabama state legislative districts
The state of Alabama has 35 state Senate districts. Each district elects one senator.
Use the interactive map below to find your district.
Redistricting
- See also: Redistricting in Alabama
The Alabama State Legislature is responsible for drawing both congressional and state legislative district lines. Both chambers of the state legislature must approve a single redistricting plan. State legislative district lines must be approved in the first legislative session following the United States Census. There is no statutory deadline for congressional redistricting. The governor may veto the lines drawn by the state legislature.[15]
The Alabama Constitution requires that state legislative district lines be contiguous. In addition, the state constitution mandates that state Senate districts "follow county lines except where necessary to comply with other legal requirements."[15]
In 2000, according to All About Redistricting, the legislative committee charged with redistricting "adopted guidelines ... asking that [congressional] districts be contiguous, reasonably compact, follow county lines where possible, and maintain communities of interest to the extent feasible." In addition, the committee agreed to "attempt to avoid contests between incumbents." Similar guidelines apply to state legislative redistricting. At its discretion, the state legislature may change these guidelines, which are non-binding.[15]
2020
Alabama enacted state legislative maps for the state Senate and House of Representatives on Nov. 4, 2021, after Gov. Kay Ivey (R) signed the proposals into law.[16] Senators approved the Senate map on Nov. 1 with a 25-7 vote.[17] Representatives approved the Senate map on Nov. 3 with a 76-26 vote.[16] For the House proposal, representatives voted 68-35 in favor on Nov. 1 and senators followed on Nov. 3 with a 22-7 vote.[18] These maps took effect for Alabama's 2022 legislative elections.
District map before and after 2020 redistricting
Below is the state Senate map in effect before and after the 2020 redistricting cycle.
Alabama State Senate Districts
until November 8, 2022
Click a district to compare boundaries.
Alabama State Senate Districts
starting November 9, 2022
Click a district to compare boundaries.
2010
Alabama received its local census data on February 23, 2011. Because new state legislative maps were not needed until 2014, legislators began working on the new maps in 2012.[19] The Senate approved a House redistricting plan on May 24, 2012, and after the House approved the new plan it went to Gov. Robert Bentley (R) for his signature. On July 26, 2012, Alabama Attorney General Luther Strange (R) filed a lawsuit seeking clearance from a federal court that the state's redistricting plan for the legislature did not violate the Voting Rights Act (VRA). The lawsuit, a required provision of the VRA, was heard by a three-judge District Court.[20] The Department of Justice approved of the new maps on October 5, 2012.
The following tables show the change in population in the five largest cities and counties in Alabama from 2000-2010.[21]
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Sessions
Legislation
The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Alabama State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by both chambers and signed by the governor. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.
Dates of legislative sessions in Alabama by year
2024
- See also: 2024 Alabama legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions
In 2024, the legislature is scheduled to convene on February 6, 2024, and adjourn on May 20, 2024.
2023
In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on March 7, 2023, and adjourn on June 6, 2023.
| Click [show] for past years' session dates. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
2022In 2022, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2022, and adjourn on April 7, 2022. 2021In 2021, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 2, 2021, and adjourn on May 17, 2021. 2020In 2020, the legislature was scheduled to convene on February 4, 2020, and adjourn on May 18, 2020.
Several state legislatures had their sessions impacted as a result of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. On March 16, 2020, the Alabama House of Representatives announced a suspension of legislative activity in response to the coronavirus pandemic, canceling all committee meetings scheduled for March 25, 2020. The House was scheduled to meet on March 26, 2020, but a quorum was not expected. Both the House and the Alabama State Senate were scheduled to reconvene on March 31, 2020, in keeping with their original schedules. At that time, according to a statement from House leadership, "a joint decision [would] be made as to future legislative meeting days."[22] On March 31, 2020, lawmakers approved a suspension of all legislative activity through April 28, 2020. That suspension was then extended to May 4, 2020, at which point the legislature reconvened. The legislature adjourned on May 18, 2020.[23][24][25] 2019In 2019, the legislature was in session from March 5, 2019, through May 31, 2019. 2018In 2018, the legislature was in session from January 9, 2018, through March 29, 2018. To read about notable events and legislation from this session, click here. 2017
In 2017, the legislature was in session from February 7, 2017, through May 19, 2017. 2016
In 2016, the legislature was in session from February 2 through May 4. The legislature held a special session from August 15 to September 7. 2015
In 2015, the legislature was in session from March 3 through June 4. The legislature held a special session from July 13 to August 11. The legislature held a second special session from September 8 to September 16.[26] Major issues in 2015Major issues during the 2015 legislative session included a $265 million deficit in the state's General Fund. If left unchecked, this deficit was expected to reach nearly $700 million in a few years' time. This fund provides money for the judicial branch, prisons, Medicaid and state troopers.[27] 2014
In 2014, the legislature was in session from January 14 through April 4. Major issues in 2014Major issues during the 2014 legislative session included creating a new budget, a pay raise for teachers, Common Core and banning legislators from serving as lobbyists immediately following their departure.[28] 2013
In 2013, the legislature was in session from February 5 through May 20. Major issues in 2013Major issues during the 2013 legislative session included the general fund, maintaining Medicaid, raises for teachers, giving schools more flexibility over state policies, and gun laws.[29] Heading into the session, the general fund was estimated to be $200 million short of requests. 2012
In 2012, the legislature was in regular session from February 7 through May 16. It held a special session from May 17 through May 24 to address redistricting.[30] 2011
In 2011, the legislature was in session from March 1 through June 9.[31] 2010
In 2010, the legislature was in session from January 12 through April 12. |
About legislative sessions in Alabama
The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[32] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.
Section 48 of Article IV of the Alabama Constitution initially set the rules for the timing and length of sessions for the Alabama State Legislature, which the Senate is a part of. However, these rules have since been changed by state statute.
The Alabama Legislature convenes in regular annual sessions on the first Tuesday in February, except during the first year of the four-year term, when the session begins on the first Tuesday in March. In the last year of a four-year term, the legislative session begins on the second Tuesday in January. The length of the regular session is limited to 30 meeting days within a period of 105 calendar days. There are usually two meeting or "legislative" days per week, with other days devoted to committee meetings.
The governor of Alabama can call, by proclamation, special sessions of the Alabama legislature. The governor must list the subjects on which legislation will be debated upon. These sessions are limited to 12 legislative days within a 30 calendar day span. In a regular session, bills may be enacted on any subject. In a special session, legislation must be enacted only on those subjects which the governor announces on their proclamation or "call." Anything not in the "call" requires a two-thirds vote of each house to be enacted.[33]
Bills can be prefiled before sessions, starting at the end of the previous session and ending at the beginning of the session for which they are being filed. The exception to this is for sessions beginning in March every four years.[34]
The Alabama Legislature has a constitutional session length limit of 105 calendar days.
Legislative roles and procedures
Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.
Veto overrides
- See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures
State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Alabama are listed below.
How many legislators are required to vote for an override? A majority of members in both chambers.
| A simple majority of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 53 of the 105 members in the Alabama House of Representatives and 18 of the 35 members in the Alabama State Senate. Alabama is one of six states that requires a majority vote from each of its legislative chambers to override a veto. |
Authority: Article V, Section 125 of the Alabama Constitution.
| "If the governor's message proposes amendment, which would remove his objections, the house to which it is sent may so amend the bill and send it with the governor's message to the other house, which may adopt, but can not amend, said amendment; and both houses concurring in the amendment, the bill shall again be sent to the governor and acted on by him as other bills. If the house to which the bill is returned refuses to make such amendment, it shall proceed to reconsider it; and if a majority of the whole number elected to that house shall vote for the passage of the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that house, it shall become a law." |
Role in state budget
- See also: Alabama state budget and finances
Alabama on 
|
The state operates on an annual budget cycle. Alabama's fiscal year runs from October 1 and ends September 30 of the following year. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[35]
- In September of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year, budget instructions are sent to state agencies.
- In November, agencies submit their budget requests to the governor.
- By the second legislative day of each regular session of the legislature, the governor must submit his or her proposed budget to the state legislature. These dates vary from session to session, occurring as early as January and as late as March.
- The legislature adopts a budget between February and May. It must pass with a simple majority.
The governor is required to submit a balanced budget to the legislature. In turn, the legislature must pass a balanced budget.[35]
Alabama is one of 43 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[35]
Committees
Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.
- Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
- Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
- Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.
Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Alabama State Senate has 20 standing committees:
- Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry Committee
- Banking and Insurance Committee
- Children, Youth, and Human Services Committee
- Confirmations Committee
- Finance and Taxation Education Committee
- Finance and Taxation General Fund Committee
- Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Development Committee
- Governmental Affairs Committee
- Healthcare Committee
- Local Legislation Jefferson County Committee
- Local Legislation Mobile County Committee
- Local Legislation Shelby County Committee
- Madison County Legislation Committee
- Senate Education Policy Committee
- Senate Judiciary Committee
- Senate Local Legislation Committee
- Senate Rules Committee
- Tourism Committee
- Transportation and Energy Committee
- Veterans and Military Affairs Committee
Constitutional amendments
In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.
The methods in which the Alabama Constitution can be amended:
The Alabama Constitution provides two mechanisms for amending the state's constitution: a legislative process and a state constitutional convention. Alabama requires a simple majority vote (50% plus 1) for voters to approve constitutional amendments.
Legislature
A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Alabama State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 63 votes in the Alabama House of Representatives and 21 votes in the Alabama State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.
Convention
According to the Alabama Constitution, a simple majority in each chamber during one legislative session is required to send a constitutional convention question to voters. A simple majority vote by the electorate is required to call the convention. Any proposed amendments approved by the convention require a simple majority vote of the electorate to be ratified.
2025 measures:
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
No measures to list
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2025.
No measures to list
2024 measures:
Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature or that have made it approximately halfway through the process in the legislature for referral to the ballot in 2024.
- See also: Alabama 2024 ballot measures
Certified:
- The following measures have been certified for the ballot.
| Alabama Exempt Local Bills from Budget Isolation Resolution Amendment | Democrats | Republicans | |||
| Senate: | Required: 21 | Yes votes: 30 (100.00%) | No votes: 0 (0.00%) | Yes: 6; No: 0 | Yes: 20; No: 0 |
| House: | Required: 62 | Yes votes: 101 (98.05%) | No votes: 0 (0.00%) | Yes: 28; No: 0 | Yes: 73; No: 0 |
Potential:
- The following measures have made it through one chamber—or one session for two session states—and may appear on the ballot in 2024.
No measures to list
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Constitution, Article V, Section 117," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Constitution, Article IV, Section 51," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ Justia, "Alabama Constitution, Article IV, Section 46," accessed February 5, 2021
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "Minimum Qualifications for Public Office," accessed February 2, 2023
- ↑ New York Times, "Dominant Democratic Party in Alabama takes liberal turn," October 25, 1983
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "1980s Redistricting Case Summaries," January 13, 2016
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "State Primary Election Systems," accessed March 23, 2017
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "Upcoming Elections," accessed May 9, 2017
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "FCPA Filing Calendar - 2018 Election Cycle," accessed May 29, 2017
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Alabama 2010 Senate Candidates," accessed May 15, 2014
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Alabama 2006 Senate Candidates," accessed April 9, 2013
- ↑ Follow the Money, "Alabama 2002 Senate Candidates," accessed April 9, 2013
- ↑ Alabama Legislature, "Code of Alabama," accessed February 5, 2021 (Section 17-15-1)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Alabama Legislature, "Code of Alabama," accessed February 5, 2021 (Section 17-15-3)
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 All About Redistricting, "Alabama," accessed April 16, 2015
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Montgomery Advertiser, "Gov. Kay Ivey signs off on Alabama congressional, legislative, SBOE maps for 2022," Nov. 4, 2021
- ↑ Alabama Political Reporter, "Alabama Senate passes Senate, State School Board districts," Nov. 1, 2021
- ↑ Alabama Political Report, "House district lines comfortably pass House over objections from both sides ," Nov. 1, 2021
- ↑ The Huntsville Times, "Huntsville first stop tonight by legislative committee for series of statewide hearings on redistricting," May 9, 2011
- ↑ Chicago Tribune, "Alabama seeks Voting Rights Act clearance of redistricting plan," July 27, 2012
- ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Alabama Custom tables 2010," accessed March 1, 2011
- ↑ Alabama Political Reporter, "Alabama House cancels March 25 committee meetings due to coronavirus," March 17, 2020
- ↑ News 5 WKRG, "Alabama lawmakers suspend 2020 legislative session, will return in late April," April 1, 2020
- ↑ MultiState, "2020 Legislative Session Dates," last updated April 27, 2020
- ↑ CBS 42, "Alabama Legislature reconvening Monday despite coronavirus outbreak," May 4, 2020
- ↑ al.com, "Gov. Robert Bentley: Divorce, ALGOV, special session and what we know now," accessed September 8, 2015
- ↑ AL.com, "What big issues will the Alabama Legislature solve in 2015? Let us know in the poll and comments," December 31, 2014
- ↑ blog.al.com, "Seven issues to watch in the 2014 legislative session," January 12, 2014
- ↑ AL.com, "Alabama Legislature 2013: 10 hot issues to watch in the upcoming session," February 2, 2013
- ↑ tuscaloosanews.com, "Alabama Legislature passes redistricting plans," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ ncsl.org, "2011 Legislative Sessions Calendar," accessed April 21, 2015
- ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed May 20, 2017
- ↑ Alabama State Legislature, "Visitor's Guide to the Alabama Legislature," accessed May 15, 2014
- ↑ Alabama State Legislature, "The Rules of the Senate of Alabama," accessed May 15, 2014
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
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